Expression of host defense peptides in the intestine of Eimeria-challenged chickens

Su, Shengchen; Dwyer, Diane M.; Miska, Katarzyna B.; Fetterer, Raymond H.; Jenkins, Mark C.; Wong, Eric A.

doi:10.3382/ps/pew468

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These observations support the results of previous reports, showing that the AvBD genes were expressed in the small intestine and cecum of embryos and chicks (Akbari et al, 2008;Crhanova et al, 2011;Hong et al, 2012;Lu et al, 2015;Zang et al, 2016;Su et al, 2017;Terada et al, 2018). AvBD2 in the mucosal leukocytes (Terada et al, 2018) and AvBD9 in enteroendocrine cells from the luminal and crypt epithelia have also been reported (Cuperus et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of Toll-like Receptor Ligands on the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Avian β-defensins in Cultured Chick Intestine

et al. 2020

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Few studies have focused on the regulation of cytokine and avian β-defensin (AvBDs) expression for promoting immune defense in the avian intestine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (bacterial patterns) on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and AvBDs (AvBD1, AvBD4, and AvBD7) in the chick intestine. The ileum and cecum of 3-day-old chicks were collected and examined histologically to identity the cells present in the intestinal mucosa. Other tissues were cultured with or without the TLR2, TLR4, and TLR21 ligands-Pam3CSK4, LPS, and CpG-ODN-for 1 or 3 h. The gene expression profiles of proinflammatory cytokines and AvBDs were determined in these tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mucosa of the ileum and cecum contained leukocytes, luminal and crypt epithelial cells, and other enterocytes. Pam3CSK4 tended to downregulate the expression of IL-1β, AvBD1, and AvBD7 in the ileum but upregulated their expression in the cecum. LPS downregulated the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in both the ileum and the cecum, whereas it upregulated the expression of AvBD1, AvBD4, and AvBD7 in the cecum. CpG-ODN upregulated the expression of IL-6 and AvBD7 in the ileum and IL-1β in the cecum, and downregulated the expression of IL-1β and AvBDs in the ileum. We suggested that the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and AvBDs in the chick intestine are affected by TLR2, TLR4, and TLR21 ligands. Thus, these innate immune factors may be modulated by the luminal microbe complex in the intestine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of Toll-like Receptor Ligands on the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Avian β-defensins in Cultured Chick Intestine

et al. 2020

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“…Accordingly, as observed in the current study, the expression of multiple AvBDs changed during the first week of life, and there seems to be an association between the colonization of natural or specific microbiota complexes and changes in AvBDs expressed during the early post-hatch period. However, challenge with specific microorganisms may cause an upregulation of AvBDs, as expression of AvBD8 and 13 in the cecum of 21-day-old broiler chickens was upregulated by Eimeria maxima (Su et al, 2017), and expression of AvBD1, 2, 4, and 6 was increased in the cecal tonsils of broiler chicks 3-5 days post infection by Salmonella Typhimurium, starting from 1 day of age (Akbari et al, 2008). The intestinal microbiota composition plays an important role in the maintenance of gut health (Clavijo and Flórez, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The current study showed that the decline in AvBD expression in the post-hatch period occurs not only in the cecum, but also in the ileum. Su et al (2017) …”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in the Expression of Avian β-defensins (AvBDs) and Proinflammatory Cytokines and Localization of AvBD2 in the Intestine of Broiler Embryos and Chicks during Growth

et al. 2018

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The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the expression of avian β-defensins (AvBDs) and proinflammatory cytokines and localization of AvBD2 in the intestine of broiler embryos and chicks during growth. The ileum and cecum of embryonic day 19 (ED19) and of day-old (D0) and 7-day-old (D7) chicks were collected. Gene expression levels of 10 AvBDs (AvBD1-8, 10, and 12) and proinflammatory cytokines were analyzed using real-time PCR, and the localization of AvBD2 was examined by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression levels of AvBD1, 2, 6, and 7 in the ileum and of AvBD1 and 4 in the cecum were higher on ED19 than on D7. The expression of AvBD10 in the ileum was higher on D0 than on ED19, whereas the expression levels of AvBD8 and 10 in the cecum were higher on D0 than on ED19, and that of AvBD10 decreased on D7. The expression levels of IL-1β, -6, and -8 in the ileum were higher on D7 than on ED19. The expression levels of IL-1β, -6, and -8 in the cecum were higher on D0 than on ED19, and that of IL-1β and -6 declined on D7. AvBD2-positive cells were localized in the lamina propria beneath epithelial cells of villi and crypts. The number of positive cells in the cecum mucosa was greater on D0 than on ED19 and D7. In conclusion, we suggest that AvBDs are expressed in the ileum and cecum of embryos and chicks at high levels before or just after hatching and decrease by D7. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the ileum increases with growth until D7, but is the highest in the cecum around hatching. These AvBDs and proinflammatory cytokines may play roles in host defense in the intestinal mucosa of embryos and neonatal chicks.Keywords: avian β-defensin, broiler embryo and chick, innate immunity, intestine, proinflammatory cytokines IntroductionThe intestine is one of the organs that have a high risk of infection by pathogenic agents. Numerous microbes colonize the cecum soon after hatching (Crhanova et al., 2011). The mucosal innate immune system plays an essential role in defense against microbial infections (Smith and Beal, 2008). The gut-associated lymphoid tissues contain functionally immature T and B cells at the time of hatching, and their functionality is attained during the first 2 weeks post hatching (Bar-Shira et al., 2003).Thus, the adaptive immune system of the neonate is relatively immature, and maternal antibodies in the yolk transported to the chick are believed to play a role in protection against infection (Kovacs-Nolam and Mine, 2012). As it is generally accepted that the innate immune system develops at an early phase, it may play a primary role in the defense against infection in the embryo and chick.Defensins are factors involved in innate immunity that has antimicrobial activity against a variety of microbes, including Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, enveloped viruses, and fungi (Ganz, 2003). In the chicken, fourteen avian β-defensins (AvBD1 to AvBD14) have been identified (Lynn et al., 2007). Lee et al. (2016) reported the antimicrobial activity of AvBD2-4, 6, 7, 11...

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“…Intestinal tract is an important part of the body defense system and the main place for animal to digest and absorb the nutrients of feed [1,2]. The functions of poultry intestines are mainly carried out in the small intestine, which is also the longest part of the digestive tract [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The differences of intestinal development and microorganism between male and female ducks

Chen¹,

Huang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background There are great differences in physiological and biological functions between animals of different genders. However, whether there would be a consensus in duck intestinal development and microorganisms is still unknown. Methods Male and female ducks were weighed at 2, 5 and 10 weeks, respectively, then the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were sampled and measured, and the content were analyzed by 16S RNA. Results The results showed that male duck hold shorter intestinal length with higher density and jejunum VH/CD, and the similarity, evenness and diversity of the total intestinal microorganism of male duck were higher, with 99.66% OTUs shared by both gender, while Rikenellae , Prevotella and Nocardia were only in male duck. Proeobacteria hold higher abundance than Bacteroidetes in female intestine, while the value of Firmicutes/Bacteroides was lower than male duck. Whats more, the different functional pathway of microorganisms was only showed in jejunum, among which the metabolic and disease pathways of male ducks were higher, while gene pathways was lower. Conclusions The intestines of male ducks have higher development, nutrient absorption, fat deposition and metabolic capacity while their disease resistance was relatively weak, providing a basic reference for intestinal development and microorganism symbiosis of duck in different genders.

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Expression of host defense peptides in the intestine of Eimeria-challenged chickens

Cited by 34 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of Toll-like Receptor Ligands on the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Avian <i>β</i>-defensins in Cultured Chick Intestine

Effects of Toll-like Receptor Ligands on the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Avian <i>β</i>-defensins in Cultured Chick Intestine

Changes in the Expression of Avian <i>β</i>-defensins (AvBDs) and Proinflammatory Cytokines and Localization of AvBD2 in the Intestine of Broiler Embryos and Chicks during Growth

The differences of intestinal development and microorganism between male and female ducks

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