Expression of <i>trk</i> and neurotrophin mRNA in dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia of the quail during development

Zhang, Damin; Yao, Lihua; Bernd, Paulette

doi:10.1002/neu.480251205

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…This is consistent with the observation that NGF supports the survival of chick sympathetic ganglia at later stages of development, but has little effect on the survival or proliferation of neurons at early stages. Although p140trk mRNA has been observed in quail sympathetic ganglia at embryonic day 8 by in situ hybridization (Zhang et al, 1994), the size of the transcript(s) that islare present has not been examined in any avian species. The 2.7 kb pl4OtTk transcript obtained from embryonic chick sympathetic ganglia in our studies agrees with the size of the transcript reported in the rat (2.9 kb; Meakin et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

All-trans retinoic acid stimulates and maintains neurite outgrowth in nerve growth factor-supported developing chick embryonic sympathetic neurons

Plum

Clagett‐Dame

1996

Dev. Dyn.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

All-trans retinoic acid stimulates and maintains neurite outgrowth in nerve growth factor-supported developing chick embryonic sympathetic neurons

Plum

Clagett‐Dame

1996

Dev. Dyn.

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“…The neurotrophin receptors TrkA, TrkC, and p75 NTR are all expressed in sympathetic neurons throughout development (24,(47)(48)(49)). NT3 appears to act on a population of cells expressing both TRKA and TRKC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotrophin-3 promotes the cholinergic differentiation of sympathetic neurons

Brodski

Schnürch

Dechant

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Neurotrophins influence the epigenetic shaping of the vertebrate nervous system by regulating neuronal numbers during development and synaptic plasticity. Here we attempt to determine whether these growth factors can also regulate neurotransmitter plasticity. As a model system we used the selection between noradrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission by paravertebral sympathetic neurons. Developing sympathetic neurons express the neurotrophin receptors TrkA and TrkC, two highly related receptor tyrosine kinases. Whereas the TrkA ligand nerve growth factor (NGF) has long been known to regulate both the survival and the expression of noradrenergic traits in sympathetic neurons, the role of TrkC and of its ligand neurotrophin-3 (NT3) has remained unclear. We found that TrkC expression in the avian sympathetic chain overlaps substantially with that of choline acetyltransferase. In sympathetic chain explants, transcripts of the cholinergic marker genes choline acetyltransferase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were strongly enriched in the presence of NT3 compared with NGF, whereas the noradrenergic markers tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine transporter were reduced. The transcription factor chicken achaete scute homolog 1 was coexpressed with cholinergic markers. The effects of NT3 are reversed and antagonized by NGF. They are independent of neuronal survival and developmentally regulated. These results suggest a role for NT3 as a differentiation factor for cholinergic neurons and establish a link between neurotrophins and neurotransmitter plasticity.

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“…At E4.5, 23% of the nascent DRG cells are trkA-positive. trkA mRNA expression is detectable later by ISH in quail embryos and remains consistently at 73% of Hu-positive cells from E6 to E15, the last stage analysed in the study of Zhang et al (1994). trkB expression in chick DRG begins at E3; by E4.5, 47% of the nascent DRG cells are trkB-immunoreactive (Rifkin et al 2000).…”

Section: Developmental Expression Of Genes Specifying Neuronal Diversitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Role of neurotrophin signalling in the differentiation of neurons from dorsal root ganglia and sympathetic ganglia

2009

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Manipulation of neurotrophin (NT) signalling by administration or depletion of NTs, by transgenic overexpression or by deletion of genes coding for NTs and their receptors has demonstrated the importance of NT signalling for the survival and differentiation of neurons in sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Combination with mutation of the proapoptotic Bax gene allows the separation of survival and differentiation effects. These studies together with cell culture analysis suggest that NT signalling directly regulates the differentiation of neuron subpopulations and their integration into neural networks. The high-affinity NT receptors trkA, trkB and trkC are restricted to subpopulations of mature neurons, whereas their expression at early developmental stages largely overlaps. trkC is expressed throughout sympathetic ganglia and DRG early after ganglion formation but becomes restricted to small neuron subpopulations during embryogenesis when trkA is turned on. The temporal relationship between trkA and trkC expression is conserved between sympathetic ganglia and DRG. In DRG, NGF signalling is required not only for survival, but also for the differentiation of nociceptors. Expression of neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P, which specify peptidergic nociceptors, depends on nerve growth factor (NGF) signalling. ret expression indicative of nonpeptidergic nociceptors is also promoted by the NGFsignalling pathway. Regulation of TRP channels by NGF signalling might specify the temperature sensitivity of afferent neurons embryonically. The manipulation of NGF levels "tunes" heat sensitivity in nociceptors at postnatal and adult stages. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signalling is required for subpopulations of DRG neurons that are not fully characterized; it affects mechanical sensitivity in slowly adapting, low-threshold mechanoreceptors and might involve the regulation of DEG/ENaC ion channels. NT3 signalling is required for the generation and survival of various DRG neuron classes, in particular proprioceptors. Its importance for peripheral projections and central connectivity of proprioceptors demonstrates the significance of NT signalling for integrating responsive neurons in neural networks. The molecular targets of NT3 signalling in proprioceptor differentiation remain to be characterized. In sympathetic ganglia, NGF signalling regulates dendritic development and axonal projections. Its role in the specification of other neuronal properties is less well analysed. In vitro analysis suggests the involvement of NT signalling in the choice between the noradrenergic and cholinergic transmitter phenotype, in the expression of various classes of ion channels and for target connectivity. In vivo analysis is required to show the degree to which NT signalling regulates these sympathetic neuron properties in developing embryos and postnatally.

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Expression of trk and neurotrophin mRNA in dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia of the quail during development

Cited by 53 publications

References 70 publications

All-trans retinoic acid stimulates and maintains neurite outgrowth in nerve growth factor-supported developing chick embryonic sympathetic neurons

All-trans retinoic acid stimulates and maintains neurite outgrowth in nerve growth factor-supported developing chick embryonic sympathetic neurons

Neurotrophin-3 promotes the cholinergic differentiation of sympathetic neurons

Role of neurotrophin signalling in the differentiation of neurons from dorsal root ganglia and sympathetic ganglia

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