Expression of immune genes in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) fed a nucleotide-supplemented diet

Criteria for Safe Use of Plant Ingredients in Diets for Aquacultured Fish

“…Although such diets have been reported not to induce measurable immunostimulatory effects 2001 b;Low et al, 2003), there seems to be an up-regulation of several immune genes in turbot fed these diets, which contradicts the earlier claims that these diets are not immunostimulatory (Low et al, 2003).…”

A Review of Immune System Components, Cytokines, and Immunostimulants in Cultured Finfish Species

“…More specifically, nucleotide addition has been found to enhance cytokine expression levels, assist with development of the GIT, and promote an increase in fillet mass within some species [91]. It has also been found that appropriate nucleotide profiles are directly correlated with increased cytokine levels and gene expression of IL-1β and IgM throughout the kidneys [74]. These benefits may be of importance in soybean diets as they can compensate for some nutritional shortcomings while creating a possible immunoprophylactic effect.…”

“…Recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG-1) is an essential component of the antigen-dependent reorganization of antibodies in the adaptive immune response of teleosts [74]. In the adaptive immune response, the antibody components rearrange their genetic structure to associate with their respective antigen components, thus allowing for efficient clearance.…”

Aquaculture Health Management: A new Approach

“…Choudhury et al [89] reported that dietary yeast ribonucleic acid at 0.4% enhances phagocyte respiratory burst and protection of Labeo rohita juveniles by Aeromonas hydrophila. In addition, dietary nucleotides have also been observed to modulate gene expression [90], a phenomenon also confirmed in fish by Low et al [91]. However, the way in which dietary nucleotides modulate gene expression during development of adaptive immunity is still not clear.…”