Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-21 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Baskaran, Adhithya; Santhadevy, A; Vezhavendhan, Nagaraj; Sivaramakrishnan, Muthandam; Santhanam, Vidya Lakshmi; Rajaram, Suganya

doi:10.7759/cureus.34256

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…17 Many studies indicate that this anti-apoptotic protein is expressed in OSCC making it a prognostic indicator as well as an alternative option in chemoresistance cases in form of "Bcl-2 inhibition". 18 The presence of "Bcl-2 expression" has been shown to possess substantial predictive value for the response to chemotherapy. 19 This study aims to assess the "Bcl-2" immunoexpression in OSCC.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Bcl-2 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity

Omair,

Henna Azmat,

Manal Rauf

et al. 2024

Ann Pak Inst Med Sci

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Objectives: To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Histopathology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from December 2021 to June 2022. Sixty patients aged 30 to 85 years, of both genders, diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity based on histopathology reports, were included. Immunohistochemistry for Bcl-2 was performed and assessed. All results were subsequently analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: Out of the 60 cases studied, 36 were males (60%) and 24 were females (40%). The mean age of the patients was 55 years. The most common histological grade was well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 26 out of 60 cases (43.3%), followed by moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (21/60, 35%). Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was the least common grade, found in 13 out of 60 cases (21.7%). Bcl-2 expression was positive in 23 patients (38.3%). Regarding grade-wise expression of Bcl-2, there was an increasing expression with increasing grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma: 19% Bcl-2 expression in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 38% in moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and 77% in poorly differentiated carcinomas. This demonstrated a significant correlation between Bcl-2 expression and histopathological grades (p value <0.001). Conclusion: In summary, Bcl-2 expression was detected in 38.3% of oral squamous cell carcinoma cases. Its immuno-expression is significantly associated with the histopathological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, Bcl-2 can be considered an important prognostic marker as well as a potential target for chemoresistance cases through Bcl-2 inhibition.

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Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Bcl-2 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity

Omair,

Henna Azmat,

Manal Rauf

et al. 2024

Ann Pak Inst Med Sci

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“…According to a recent review, the most promising salivary markers for OSCC diagnosis were MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9, but larger studies are needed to confirm their clinical utility. 53 MMP-12 and MMP-21 have been demonstrated to play an essential role in tumor evolution and may be useful non-invasive early diagnostic tools for detecting OSCC, [54][55][56] as well as therapeutic interventions in the future. Zong-Yun and Feng 57 reported that downregulation of growth inhibitory factor 4 (ING4) could stimulate upregulation of hypoxiainducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and MMP-14, promoting development, EMT, invasion and metastasis of OSCC, thus suggesting that these effectors could be used as significant prognostic markers.…”

Section: Functions Of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Endogenous ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix‐based molecular mechanisms, targeting and diagnostics in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Mastronikolis,

Kyrodimos,

Piperigkou

et al. 2024

IUBMB Life

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a head and neck cancer (HNC) with a high mortality rate. OSCC is developed in the oral cavity and it is triggered by many etiologic factors and can metastasize both regionally and distantly. Recent research advances in OSCC improved our understanding on the molecular mechanisms involved in and the initiation of OSCC metastasis. The key roles of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in OSCC are an emerging area of intensive research as the ECM macromolecular network is actively involved in events that regulate cellular morphological and functional properties, transcription and cell signaling mechanisms in invasion and metastasis. The provisional matrix that is formed by cancer cells is profoundly different in composition and functions as compared with the matrix of normal tissue. Fibroblasts are mainly responsible for matrix production and remodeling, but in cancer, the tumor matrix in the tumor microenvironment (TME) also originates from cancer cells. Even though extensive research has been conducted on the role of ECM in regulating cancer pathogenesis, its role in modulating OSCC is less elucidated since there are several issues yet to be fully understood. This critical review is focused on recent research as to present and discuss on the involvement of ECM macromolecular effectors (i.e., proteoglycans, integrins, matrix metalloproteinases) in OSCC development and progression.

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