Expression of McM3 and Ki-67 as Diagnostic Markers in Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors

Abstract

Introduction: Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) may represent a considerable diagnostic challenge, primarily because of the complexity of the classification and the rarity of several entities. Since proliferative activity is a reliable method to assess tumor biology. There has been continuous research to find such biological markers. Ki-67 is a widely accepted proliferation marker, with its expression tightly associated with the cell cycle. It is implicated in many of human cancers as a prognostic factor. MCM-3, member of minichromosome maintenance proteins family, is upregulated in proliferating cells. MCM-3 overexpression in almost all human cancers implicates that it might facilitate the tumorigenesis by playing a role in the malignant transformation of cells. Objectives: to evaluate the MCM-3 protein expression in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors and compare the obtained results with the expression of Ki-67 proliferation antigen. Materials and methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of 20 cases of SGTs with 2 sections from each specimen (20 sections for antiKi-67antibody and 20 sections for antiMCM3antibody) and 5 control cases. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a Labeled Strept-Avidin Biotin method (LSAB). Results: Normal salivary gland tissue showed negative immunoreactivity for both Ki-67 and MCM-3 in epithelial and myoepithelial cells. All the examined cases showed positive expression for both proliferative markers in benign and malignant SGTs, with different intensities. Conclusions: The proliferative markers Ki-67 and MCM-3 proteins are overexpressed in malignant salivary gland tumors, than benign ones. Both Ki-67 and MCM-3 may be reliably applied as diagnostic markers to distinguish benign from malignant salivary gland tumors.

Expression of Il-10 and Ki-67 in Some Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors "An Immunohistochemical Study"

“…Adenoid cystic carcinoma showed strong positive immunoexpression of Ki67 in the nucleus and cytoplasm, in accordance with Abdallah et al (27) and Lazzaro (39) but in contrast with Fonseka et al (40) who noticed low Ki67 expression in Adenoid cystic carcinoma, it was accounted for using immunohistochemical staining technique, which is affected by tissue aging, staining technique, enzyme antibody used and single observer bias.…”

“…In this study, mucoepidermoid carcinoma showed positive immunoreactivity which goes along with Abdallah et al (27), Nguyen et al (36) and Triantafillidou et al (37) who stated that patients having high grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma showed high staining for Ki67, while patients with low grade carcinoma showed week stain for Ki67 which indicates that Ki67 proliferative index can help in determining the grade of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (38).…”

“…Supporting the results of Abdallah et al, (27) and contradicting Ferri et al (30) and Alves et al, (34) who mentioned low expression and negative expression of Ki-67 in myoepithelioma respectively. Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum exhibited positive immunoreactivity in the oncocytic linning for Ki-67, although the lymphoid stroma showed no reaction, in agreement with Sangeetha et al (35) and Abdallah et al (27) in their study.…”

“…Carcinoma-ex Pleomorphic adenoma showed positive immunoreaction for Ki67 in all the cells showing malignancy. This was also supported by the study of Abdallah et al (27), Tadbir et al (29), they stated that Ki67 marker plays a role in the proliferation in pleomorphic adenoma, giving an indication on the risk of malignancy. The high Ki-67 proliferative index could definitely be considered in distinguishing carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma from benign pleomorphic adenoma, (27,30,31), despite Vergas et al (32) who unusually detected very low Ki-67 immunoreactivity in pleomoephic adenoma.…”

“…Knowing the fraction of the proliferation in tumor cells helps to diagnose different cancerous diseases and to reach proper diagnosis. One of the effective ways to calculate the proliferation fraction is using biological markers (27).Therefore investigation of a proliferative marker as Ki-67 is useful in diagnosis of SGTs.…”