Expression of monocyte markers in HIV-1 infected individuals with or without HIV associated dementia and normal controls in Bangkok Thailand

Ratto‐Kim, Silvia; Chuenchitra, Thippawan; Pulliam, Lynn; Paris, Robert; Sukwit, Suchitra; Gongwon, Siriphan; Sithinamsuwan, Pasiri; Nidhinandana, Samart; Thitivichianlert, Sataporn; Shiramizu, Bruce; Souza, Mark S. de; Chitpatima, Suwicha; Sun, Bing; Rempel, Hans; Nitayaphan, Sorachai; Williams, Kenneth C.; Kim, Jerome H.; Shikuma, Cecilia; Valcour, Victor

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.11.021

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…NK cells are important for the lysis of HIV-infected cells; numbers of these cells were also reduced in the HIV-positive children, compared with controls23. Low concentrations of activated monocytes and perivascular monocytes exist in the peripheral blood and have been identified in children and adults with HIV-associated neurologic diseases25, 26. The HIV-positive children in this study did not have detectable neurologic disease, which could explain the lack of differences observed in monocyte subsets, compared with healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in HIV-infected, long-term nonprogressor, and healthy Asian children through 12 years of age

Ananworanich

Apornpong

Kosalaraksa

et al. 2010

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Background There are limited data on the immune profiles of HIV-positive children, compared with healthy controls, and no such data for Asian children. Objectives To immunophenotype HIV-positive Asian children, including long-term non-progressors (LTNPs), compared with age-matched healthy controls. Methods We used flow cytometry to analyze 13 lymphocyte and monocyte subsets from 222 untreated, HIV-positive children with 15%–24% CD4+ T cells and no AIDS-related illnesses and 142 healthy children (controls). Data were compared among age categories. Profiles from LTNPs (n=50), defined as children≥ 8 years old with CD4+ T-cell counts ≥ 350 cells/mm3, were compared with data from age-matched non-LTNPs (n=17) and controls (n=53). Results Compared with controls, HIV-positive children had lower values (cell count per mm3 and percent distribution) for helper T cells and higher values for cytotoxic T cells, with reductions in populations of naïve helper and cytotoxic T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. HIV-positive children had high values for activated helper and cytotoxic T cells. Compared with non-LTNPs, LTNPs had higher values of helper and cytotoxic T cells, naïve and memory T-cell subsets, and B and NK cells. Surprisingly, counts of activated helper and cytotoxic T cells were also higher among LTNPs. LNTPs were more frequently male. Conclusions Untreated, HIV-infected Asian children have immune profiles that differ from those of controls, characterized by low values for helper T cells, naive T cells, B cells, and NK cells but high values for cytotoxic, activated helper, and cytotoxic T cells. The higher values for activated T cells observed in LTNPs require confirmation in longitudinal studies. Clinical Implications The distinct immunologic profile of LTNPs might identify lymphocyte subsets associated with HIV disease progression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in HIV-infected, long-term nonprogressor, and healthy Asian children through 12 years of age

Ananworanich

Apornpong

Kosalaraksa

et al. 2010

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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“…The authors suggest that the beneficial effects of ART on dyslipidemias may be driven by reductions in immune inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms behind elevated chronic immune inflammation in HIV, and in particular its relation to IL-6 levels in the blood, may inform strategies to target immune inflammation and persistent dyslipidemias that contribute to CVD risk and other sources of morbidity [6] and mortality in chronic HIV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-1Β Enriched Monocytes Mount Massive IL-6 Responses to Common Inflammatory Triggers among Chronically HIV-1 Infected Adults on Stable Anti-Retroviral Therapy at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

et al. 2013

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Chronic infection by HIV increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). The mechanisms linking HIV to CVD have yet to be fully elucidated. High plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, which may be triggered by IL-1β, is a biomarker of CVD risk in HIV-negative adults, and of all-cause mortality in HIV disease. Monocytes play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis, and may be major mediators of HIV-associated inflammation. We therefore hypothesized that monocytes from HIV-infected adults would display high inflammatory responses. Employing a 10-color flow cytometry intracellular cytokine staining assay, we directly assessed cytokine and chemokine responses of monocytes from the cryopreserved peripheral blood of 33 chronically HIV-1 infected subjects. Participants were 45 years or older, on virologically suppressive ART and at risk for CVD. This group was compared to 14 HIV-negative subjects matched for age and gender, with similar CVD risk. We simultaneously detected intracellular expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF in blood monocytes in the basal state and after stimulation by triggers commonly found in the blood of treated, chronically HIV-infected subjects: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). In the absence of stimulation, monocytes from treated HIV-infected subjects displayed a high frequency of cells producing IL-1β (median 19.5%), compared to low levels in HIV-uninfected persons (0.9% p<0.0001). IL-8, which is induced by IL-1β, was also highly expressed in the HIV-infected group in the absence of stimulation, 43.7% compared to 1.9% in HIV-uninfected subjects, p<0.0001. Strikingly, high basal expression of IL-1β by monocytes predicted high IL-6 levels in the plasma, and high monocyte IL-6 responses in HIV-infected subjects. Hyper-inflammatory IL-1β enriched monocytes may be a major source of IL-6 production and systemic inflammation in HIV-infected adults, and may contribute to the risk for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in treated HIV infection.

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“…Additional studies reveal elevated HIV DNA in monocytes among Thai patients diagnosed with HIV dementia (HAD) compared to patients without HAD (Shiramizu et al, 2007) and these elevated levels remain after treatment among individuals exhibiting impairment (Valcour et al, 2010). Furthermore, there have been studies reporting an increased expression of monocyte markers among both demented and non-demented patients relative to healthy controls (Ratto-Kim et al 2008), the latter representing a different pattern than what is evident in clade B HIV among North American patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of normative neuropsychological performance in Thailand for the assessment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

Heaps

Valcour

Chalermchai

et al. 2013

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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International studies of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) are needed to determine the viral and host factors associated with cognitive impairment particularly as more than 80% of HIV+ subjects reside in resource-limited settings. Recent diagnostic nomenclature of HAND requires comparison of cognitive performance specifically to local normative data. To evaluate this need for local norms, we compared normative data obtained locally in Thailand to Western norms. The current study examined cognitive performance in 477 seronegative Thai participants (male=211, female=266) who completed a battery of tests sensitive to cognitive changes in HIV. The cohort was divided into three age brackets (20–34; 35–49; 50–65) and four educational levels (no education or primary education, less than secondary certificate, high school/associates degree, Bachelor’s degree or greater). The Thai cohort was compared (using ANCOVA) on a number of measures to a seronegative US cohort (n=236; male=198 female=38) to examine cultural differences in performance. Normative data are provided with age and education stratification. The Thai and US groups performed significantly differently on all neuropsychological measures with the exception of verbal fluency. The Thai group performed better on measures of verbal learning (p<0.001) and memory (p<0.001), and measures of psychomotor speed (p<0.001). Education was a more powerful predictor of performance in the Thai cohort compared to the US group. These results highlight the continued need for the development of normative data within local populations. The use of Western norms as a comparison group could lead to inaccurate identification of HAND in culturally distinct groups.

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Expression of monocyte markers in HIV-1 infected individuals with or without HIV associated dementia and normal controls in Bangkok Thailand

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in HIV-infected, long-term nonprogressor, and healthy Asian children through 12 years of age

Characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in HIV-infected, long-term nonprogressor, and healthy Asian children through 12 years of age

IL-1Β Enriched Monocytes Mount Massive IL-6 Responses to Common Inflammatory Triggers among Chronically HIV-1 Infected Adults on Stable Anti-Retroviral Therapy at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

Development of normative neuropsychological performance in Thailand for the assessment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

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