Expression of Mucosal Cyto - Chemokine mRNAs in Patients with Helicobacter pylori Infection

Abstract

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori-induced destruction of the gastroduodenal mucosal barrier is initiated with mucosal infiltration of inflammatory cells. Cytokines and chemokines have been suggested to play important roles in the migration and activation of these inflammatory cells into the mucosa. The present study aimed to investigate expression rates of cyto-chemokine mRNAs using gastric mucosal biopsy specimens.MethodsIn 98 patients infected with Helicobacter pylori, mucosal mRNA expression rates of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), C-C chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein 1α [MIP-1α), and macrophage inflammatory protein 10 [MIP-1α], monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted [RANTES] and C-X-C chemokines (IL-8 and growth regulated α [GRO-α]) were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).ResultsThe expression rates of mRNA for IL-8, GRO-α, MIP-1α and RANTES were significantly more increased in H. pylori-positive patients than in H. pylori-negative patients. However, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA were statistically not different between two groups. After eradication of H. pylori, expressions of mRNA for three cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10), four C-C chemokines (MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCAF and RANTES) and two C-X-C chemokines (IL-8 and GRO-α) were significantly decreased.ConclusionThese results suggest that C-X-C chemokines and some C-C chemokines play important roles in H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer diseases.

Regulation of RANTES Promoter Activation in Gastric Epithelial Cells Infected withHelicobacter pylori

“…Increased RANTES production is a feature of H. pyloriinduced gastric inflammation (7,14,28,31,37). RANTES mRNA expression is also thought to play an important role in maintaining residual memory T lymphocytes and eosinophils in gastric mucosa following H. pylori eradication (14).…”

“…The cellular immune response to the organism initially consists of the recruitment of neutrophils, followed by T and B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Members of the chemokine supergene family, particularly the CXC and CC chemokine subfamilies, are thought to be responsible for recruitment of these inflammatory cells into the gastric mucosa (7,8,14,28,31,(35)(36)(37). RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) is a CC chemokine produced by epithelial cells, CD8 ϩ T cells, fibroblasts, and platelets that mediates the trafficking and homing of classical lymphoid cells such as T cells and monocytes.…”

“…RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) is a CC chemokine produced by epithelial cells, CD8 ϩ T cells, fibroblasts, and platelets that mediates the trafficking and homing of classical lymphoid cells such as T cells and monocytes. RANTES also acts on a range of other cells, including basophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells (2, 30).Increased RANTES production is a feature of H. pyloriinduced gastric inflammation (7,14,28,31,37). RANTES mRNA expression is also thought to play an important role in maintaining residual memory T lymphocytes and eosinophils in gastric mucosa following H. pylori eradication (14).…”

Biomarkers in Patients with Gastric Inflammation: A Systematic Review

“…Although the numbers of infiltrating neutrophils and mucosal IL-8 contents were normalized after H. pylori eradication within 1 month following therapy, there was a gradual decrease in inflammation grading determined by mononuclear cell infiltration over a 6-month period, accompanied by a gradual normalization in IL-6 contents [68], indicating a dichotomy in the changes of mucosal IL-8 and IL-6 activity after H. pylori eradication; in other words, the rapid normalization of IL-8 and the gradual resolution of mucosal IL-6 and mononuclear infiltration after eradication [68]. Several studies evaluated the enhanced levels of GRO-α [65, 80, 84] or epithelial neutrophil-activating protein (ENA)-78[72, 80], in addition to IL-8 in H. pylori -positive gastric mucosa and its normalization after H. pylori eradication.…”

“…In the former studies, most investigations were designed as cross-sectional studies with the exception of 1 case-controlled study, 1 randomized study, and 3 prospective studies. Among 50 selected citations, 32 reports discussed IL-8 as a biomarker for gastric inflammation [65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96], 11 reports described IL-1 as a biomarker for gastric inflammation [66, 69, 77, 82, 92,97,98,99,100,101], and 7 reports focused on TNF-α as a marker for gastric inflammation [71, 77, 81, 82, 90, 91, 102] (fig. 1).…”