Expression of NG2 proteoglycan during endochondral and intramembranous ossification

Fukushi, Jun Ichi; Inatani, Masaru; Yamaguchi, Yu; Stallcup, William B.

doi:10.1002/dvdy.10359

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the developing rodent limb, NG2 expression is not seen on undifferentiated stem cells of the early limb bud, but is upregulated in condensations of mesenchymal cells that represent immature chondroblasts. 26,27 As chondroblasts differentiate into mature chondrocytes, NG2 expression is largely downregulated. A similar pattern of up and downregulation is observed during the osteoblast to osteocyte transition in maturing bone.…”

Section: Ng2 Expression Outside the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar pattern of up and downregulation is observed during the osteoblast to osteocyte transition in maturing bone. 27 In developing skin, NG2 is expressed by proliferating keratinocyte progenitor cells that are derived from slowly cycling, NG2-negative keratinocyte stem cells. [28][29][30] NG2 expression is also prominent on progenitor cells associated with the hair follicle bulge region.…”

Section: Ng2 Expression Outside the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A role for the NG2 proteoglycan in glioma progression

Stallcup

Huang

2008

Cell Adhesion & Migration

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Many human gliomas carry markers characteristic of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (such as Olig-2, PDGF alpha receptor and NG2 proteoglycan), suggesting these progenitors as the cells of origin for glioma initiation. This review considers the potential roles of the NG2 proteoglycan in glioma progression. NG2 is expressed not only by glioma cells and by oligodendrocyte progenitors, but also by pericytes associated with the tumor microvasculature. The proteoglycan may therefore promote tumor vascularization and recruitment of normal progenitors to the tumor mass, in addition to mediating expansion of the transformed cell population. Along with potentiating growth factor signaling and serving as a cell surface receptor for extracellular matrix components, NG2 also has the ability to mediate activation of b-1 integrins. These molecular interactions allow the proteoglycan to contribute to critical processes such as cell proliferation, cell motility and cell survival.

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Section: Ng2 Expression Outside the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ng2 Expression Outside the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A role for the NG2 proteoglycan in glioma progression

Stallcup

Huang

2008

Cell Adhesion & Migration

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138

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“…We also stained for the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (mouse anti-rat NG2, Chemicon, Temecula, CA), which is expressed by immature progenitor cells in several different lineages, including immature chondroblasts in limb development, vascular pericytes, and during both endochondral and intramembranous ossification. NG2 is felt to be one of the best available markers for pericytes in developing microvessels [6,20]. Double immunostaining for PCNA (brown signal in nucleus) and ED1 (blue signal in cell membrane) was performed using peroxidase staining with DAB and Vector SG (Vector Laboratories; Burlingame, CA), respectively.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophages accumulate in the early phase of tendon–bone healing

et al. 2005

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A scar tissue interface forms rather than a normal ligament insertion site following attachment of a tendon graft to bone. The specific cell types that initiate the process of tendon-to-bone healing are unknown. We hypothesized that inflammatory cell accumulation following tendon-to-bone repair results in this scar interface. We used a rodent model to examine the temporal and spatial pattern of accumulation of hematopoietic lineage cells in the early phase of tendon-to-bone healing. Thirty-six Lewis rats underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in the left knee using a flexor digitorum longus tendon graft. Six animals were sacrificed at 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, and 28 days after surgery. Serial sections were analyzed for proliferating cells (PCNA), recruited macrophages (ED1 ), resident macrophages (ED2), neutrophils, T-lymphocytes (CD3), mast cells, immature progenitor cells/pericytes (expressing the NG2 cell-surface chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan), and newly-formed blood vessels (Factor VIII). Neutrbphils, EDlt and ED2+ macrophages accumulated sequentially in the healing tendon graft, with progressive cell ingrowth from the interface towards the inner tendon. Neutrophils and EDl+ cells were seen in the tendon-bone interface at 4 days after surgery, while ED2+ macrophages were not identified until 11 days. These cells progressively repopulated the tendon graft. NG2-positive progenitor cells were found along the edge of the bone tunnel in the interface, but these cells did not invade the tendon. Occasional T-lymphocytes and mast cells were seen in the tendon-bone interface. There was no proliferation of intrinsic tendon cells, indicating that the tendon does not directly contribute to healing. We hypothesize that cytokines produced by infiltrating macrophages are likely to contribute to the formation of a fibrous scar tissue interface rather than a normal insertion site.

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“…To confirm that FGFR1 ϩ cells were indeed pericytes, we analyzed their expression of the pericyte marker NG2 ( Figure 2F-G), and observed that FGFR1/2 ϩ cells in the avascular perichondrium did not express NG2, which was instead expressed by chondrogenic progenitors, as described previously. 28 Conversely, some periosteal FGFR1 ϩ cells did coexpress NG2, but the expression patterns of those 2 markers were not completely overlapping. Similarly, CD146, another marker of pericytic MSCs, did not show extensive colocalization with NG2 ( Figure 2H).…”

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confidence: 98%

Inhibition of cellular senescence by developmentally regulated FGF receptors in mesenchymal stem cells

Coutu

François

Galipeau

2011

Blood

114

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IntroductionMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stem/progenitor cells for bone, cartilage, and hematopoietic-supporting marrow stroma (including bone-lining cells, fibroblasts, reticulocytes, adipocytes, and pericytes). However, the fundamental study of these intriguing cells is currently limited by uncertainties regarding their ontology, in vivo identity, and developmental potential. This is complicated by the lack of molecular markers and standard isolation procedures and by difficulties in studying MSCs in mouse models. [1][2][3] Recently, 2 different studies provided evidence that undifferentiated mesenchymal cells are present in murine embryonic perichondrium during endochondral bone formation. [4][5][6][7] These cells were shown to adopt a pericyte identity while migrating from the perichondrium to colonize both the bone collar (cortical bone) and the primary spongiosa (trabecular bone). Moreover, these cells were shown to participate in fracture repair in postnatal bones. These observations are significant because they are the first to unambiguously demonstrate that perichondrium-derived cells participate in both cortical bone and trabecular bone formation and give rise to osteostromal progenitors that have a marrow perivascular niche, which was previously proposed for human MSCs. 8,9 Moreover, these studies reconcile contradictory reports demonstrating the presence of MSCs in cortical bone, trabecular bone, periosteum, and the marrow/periosteal perivascular space. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Endochondral bone formation, homeostasis, and repair are highly orchestrated processes involving cellular proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as cross-talk between the growth plate, perichondrium/periosteum, cortical and trabecular bone, marrow stroma, and invading vasculature and hematopoietic cells. [17][18][19] In addition to mechanical, nervous, and endocrine stimulation, these events are largely mediated by soluble factors such as PDGF, TGF-␤, BMPs, Wnts, parathyroid hormonerelated protein (PTHrP), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and FGFs, and their associated receptors. The FGF family comprises 22 ligands displaying high levels of homology, redundancy, and promiscuity. There are 4 known FGF receptors (FGFRs) expressed as multiple splice variants, and 3 of them are involved in bone formation: FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3. FGFs/FGFRs are expressed in a tissue-specific manner, are developmentally regulated, and are crucial for bone formation, maintenance, and repair. 20 However, the large number of ligands and receptor isoforms, as well as their redundancy and promiscuity, makes the study of their roles in endochondral bone formation a particular challenge. The mitogenic effect of FGF-2 on MSCs in vitro has long been observed, and studies have also shown that FGF-2 promotes undifferentiated proliferation of MSCs in vitro. [21][22][23][24][25] However, given the importance of FGFs/FGFRs in bone, it is surprising that this system has not yet been described in more detail in MSCs.In the present study, ...

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Expression of NG2 proteoglycan during endochondral and intramembranous ossification

Cited by 43 publications

References 29 publications

A role for the NG2 proteoglycan in glioma progression

A role for the NG2 proteoglycan in glioma progression

Macrophages accumulate in the early phase of tendon–bone healing

Inhibition of cellular senescence by developmentally regulated FGF receptors in mesenchymal stem cells

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