Expression of p53-Regulated Proteins in Human Cultured Lymphoblastoid TSCE5 and WTK1 Cell Lines during Spaceflight

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the biological effects of space radiations, microgravity, and the interaction of them on the expression of p53-regulated proteins. Space experiments were performed with two human cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines: one line (TSCE5) bears a wild-type p53 gene status, and another line (WTK1) bears a mutated p53 gene status. Under 1 gravity or microgravity conditions, the cells were grown in the cell biology experimental facility (CBEF) of the International Space Station for 8 days without experiencing the stress during launching and landing because the cells were frozen during these periods. Ground control samples were simultaneously cultured for 8 days in the CBEF on the ground for 8 days. After spaceflight, protein expression was analyzed using a Panorama(TM) Ab MicroArray protein chips. It was found that p53-dependent up-regulated proteins in response to space radiations and space environment were MeCP2 (methyl CpG binding protein 2), and Notch1 (Notch homolog 1), respectively. On the other hand, p53-dependent down-regulated proteins were TGF-β, TWEAKR (tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis receptor), phosho-Pyk2 (Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2), and 14-3-3θ/τ which were affected by microgravity, and DR4 (death receptor 4), PRMT1 (protein arginine methyltransferase 1) and ROCK-2 (Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2) in response to space radiations. ROCK-2 was also suppressed in response to the space environment. The data provides the p53-dependent regulated proteins by exposure to space radiations and/or microgravity during spaceflight. Our expression data revealed proteins that might help to advance the basic space radiation biology.

Simulated Microgravity Disrupts Cytoskeleton Organization and Increases Apoptosis of Rat Neural Crest Stem Cells Via UpregulatingCXCR4Expression and RhoA-ROCK1-p38 MAPK-p53 Signaling

“…In fact, previous studies have reported regulation of actin polymerization and plasma membrane blebbing by CXCR4-RhoA signaling [159,160]. In [163,164].…”

Growing Tissues in Real and Simulated Microgravity: New Methods for Tissue Engineering

“…73 Each system (RPM and RWV) that generates tissue-like cell assembles under microgravity conditions, initially induces an enhanced rate of apoptosis together with an increase in proapoptotic factors. 10,53,60,[74][75][76] In EC, apoptosis seems to impair the angiogenic response to s-mg produced on the RPM. 77 NF-kB1 plays a central role in bone reduction under microgravity conditions.…”

Expression of p53-regulated genes in human cultured lymphoblastoid TSCE5 and WTK1 cell lines after spaceflight in a frozen state

“…Gene expression patterns in cultured human lymphoblastoid cells during the same spaceflight have already been reported (Takahashi et al, 2010b). In response to space radiation during spaceflight, p53-dependent up-and down-regulated gene expression was found for 111 and 177 genes, respectively (Takahashi et al, 2010b).…”

“…In response to space radiation during spaceflight, p53-dependent up-and down-regulated gene expression was found for 111 and 177 genes, respectively (Takahashi et al, 2010b). Only four genes, AF217970, TNFAIP2, cerebellin 3 precursor (CBLN3), and the zinc finger DHHC domain (ZDHHC11) demonstrated p53-dependent down-regulated gene expression during and after spaceflight.…”