Expression of plant genes during the development of pea root nodules

Govers, F.; Gloudemans, T.; Moerman, M.; Kammen, A. van; Bisseling, Ton

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03711.x

Cited by 104 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The possibility to describe root nodule development not only by cytological criteria but also in molecular terms facilitates analysis of wild-type and mutant root nodule development. It has been recognized that nodulin genes are expressed at different time stages of nodule development (Govers et al, 1985;Gloudemans et al, 1987). This has led to the division between early and late nodulins.…”

Section: Discussion Early Nodulin Transcripts Mark Successive Stages mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential induction of nodulin gene expression in the developing pea nodule.

et al. 1990

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A set of cDNA clones have been characterized that represent early nodulin mRNAs from pea root nodules. By RNA transfer blot analyses, the different early nodulin mRNAs were found to vary in time course of appearance during the development of the indeterminate pea root nodule. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated that the transcripts were located in different zones, representing subsequent steps in development of the central tissue of the root nodule. ENODlP transcripts were present in every cell of the invasion zone, whereas ENODS, ENOD3, and ENOD14 transcripts were restricted to the infected cells in successive but partially overlapping zones of the central tissue.We conclude that the corresponding nodulin genes are expressed at subsequent developmental stages. The amino acid sequence derived from the nucleotide sequences of the cDNAs, in combination with the localization data, showed that ENOD5 is an arabinogalactan-like protein involved in the infection process, whereas ENOD3 and ENOD14 have a cysteine cluster suggesting that these are metal-binding proteins. Furthermore, we showed that there is a clear difference in the way Rhizobium induced the infection-related early nodulin genes ENOD5 and ENODlP. A factor acting over a long distance induced the ENOD12 gene, whereas a factor acting over a short distance activated the ENODS gene.

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Section: Discussion Early Nodulin Transcripts Mark Successive Stages mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential induction of nodulin gene expression in the developing pea nodule.

et al. 1990

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“…Inoculated roots were harvested 4 and 8 days after inoculation; nodules were harvested 15 days after inoculation. Total RNA was extracted from plant tissues as described previously [ 14]. Fusarium oxysporum mycelium was inoculated in Czapek-dox medium and grown for 2 days at 30 ° C. Pea plants were inoculated with this suspension 3 days after sowing.…”

Section: Sequence Of Ppsenod7mentioning

confidence: 99%

The pea early nodulin gene PsENOD7 maps in the region of linkage group I containing sym2 and leghaemoglobin

et al. 1996

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The early nodulin gene, PsENOD7, is expressed in pea root nodules induced by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, but not in other plant organs. In situ hybridization showed that this gene is transcribed during nodule maturation in the infected cells of the proximal part of the prefixation zone II. At the transition of zone II into interzone II-III, the level of PsENOD7 mRNA drops markedly. PsENOD7 has no significant homology to other genes. RFLP mapping studies have shown that PsENOD7 is located in linkage group I between the leghaemoglobin genes and sym2.Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae induces the formation of nitrogen fixing root nodules on the roots ofPisum sativum (pea). By mutagenesis and genetic studies several plant genes essential for normal nodule development have been identified and these genes have been named sym genes. In pea about 30 different sym genes have been described [7,18,19,26]. The sym genes are distributed randomly on the seven linkage groups of pea [19], but several sym genes, namely sym2, sym5, syml9 and nod3, are clustered on linkage group I, near the major leghaemoglobin (Lb) locus [32, 381.The different stages of legume nodule development are accompanied by the expression of plant genes, the so-called nodulin genes. These genes, that are only expressed during nodule development, have been divided into early and late nodulin genes; the early nodulin genes are expressed before the bacteria start to fix nitrogen, whereasThe nucleotide sequence data reported will appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession number X93172.

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“…Nodulespecific host proteins are refered to as nodulins. Most of the nodulins described to date are induced at approximately the same time as leghemoglobin (9,10). However, several nodulins are induced before leghemoglobin in soybean and pea (8).…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Translatable mRNA for nodulin N-75 is first detectable when soybean nodules are emerging through the epidermis, at 7 d after inoculation. Nodulin N-40' can be detected in pea roots 8 d after inoculation, 4 to 5 d before the onset of nitrogen fixation (10).…”

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Modulation of Host Gene Expression during Initiation and Early Growth of Nodules in Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

Trese¹,

Pueppke²

1990

Plant Physiol.

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Inoculation of 2-day-old cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) seedlings with Rhizobium fredii USDA257 results in proficient nodulation of the tap root. The most abundant nodulation occurs in a region roughly corresponding to the position of the root tip at the time of inoculation. We have examined plant gene expression in this region, after inoculation with either USDA257 or a nonnodulating mutant, 25753. After isolation of mRNA and in vitro translation, the protein products were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Seven proteins are induced within 2.5 days after inoculation with USDA257. One additional induced protein is detectable by 3.5 days after inoculation, and three more appear by day 6. Three of the proteins that are differentially expressed at 2.5 and 3.5 days after inoculation are produced at equivalent levels after 6 days, indicating transient induction of these genes during early stages of nodule development. Several proteins were more abundant in translations of mRNA from roots that had been inoculated with the nonnodulating mutant. This was particularly true after 6 days, when nine proteins were in this class. Thus, altered plant gene expression in carefully selected, highly responsive tissue can be detected 2 days before emerging nodules are visible on the roots, and 6 to 7 days before acetylene reduction is detectable. Additionally, comparisons of ionically bound cell wall proteins isolated 6 days after inoculation revealed four that were unique to nodulating roots, suggesting that some of the nodulation-induced genes may code for structural proteins.

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Expression of plant genes during the development of pea root nodules

Cited by 104 publications

References 23 publications

Sequential induction of nodulin gene expression in the developing pea nodule.

Sequential induction of nodulin gene expression in the developing pea nodule.

The pea early nodulin gene PsENOD7 maps in the region of linkage group I containing sym2 and leghaemoglobin

Modulation of Host Gene Expression during Initiation and Early Growth of Nodules in Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

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