Expression of preprotachykinin-I (PPT-I), neurokinin-1 (NK-1) and neurokinin-2 (NK-2) in breast cancer cells improves tumor cell survival in bone marrow in the early stage of metastasis

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To study the potential relationship between the expression of PPT-I, NK-1, NK2 and the development of breast cancer cells in bone marrow stroma and to provide evidence of potential molecular mechanisms of bone metastasis in early stage of breast cancer patients. METHODS The cocultures of breast cancer cell line T-47D and marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were established with equal numbers. T-47D cells were separated from the coculture system at 48 h and 96 h after coculture by MACS magnetic cell sorting (MicroBeads). The expression of PPT-I, NK-1, NK-2 in T-47D was then examined before and aft er coculture by real-time PCR and by Western blot. Alterations in cellular ultrastructure of T-47D cells were detected before and after coculture under electron microscope. Finally, changes in cell cycle distribution were examined by fl ow cytometry, and growth curves from before and aft er coculture were drawn and analyzed. RESULTS Following coculture of T-47D and MSC, the expression of PPT-I mRNA and protein was signifi cantly upregulated, while the expression of NK-1 and NK-2 mRNA and protein was greatly downregulated. The analysis of cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry showed that the proportion of T-47D during S phase was increased, and the duration of the G 2 /M phase was sharply decreased. Under electron microscope, we observed that the synthesis of hereditary material was increased, but the hepatin granules were shown prominent stacking in T-47D cells. These results suggest that although the synthesis of DNA was increased, the proliferation of cells was inhibited after coculture. The cell growth curve confi rmed the fi ndings from the observation under the electron microscope and fl ow cytometry. CONCLUSIONTumor cells could survive through the upregulation in expression of preprotachykinin-I gene during early bone metastasis in breast cancer. The phenomenon of growth suppression in breast cancer cells after coculture in the current study could be induced by downregulation in expression of NK-1 and NK-2.KEY WORDS: breast cancer, bone metastasis, tachykinin, mesenchymal stem cells.