Expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor -κB ligand, receptor activator of nuclear factor -κB, and osteoprotegerin, following low-level laser treatment on deproteinized bovine bone graft in rats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate by immunohistochemistry the effects of low-level laser (LLL) irradiation on the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor -kappaB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and the receptor activator of nuclear factor -kappaB (RANK) in deproteinized bovine bone grafts in rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 15 weeks were allocated to either an experimental group that underwent LLL irradiation during bone healing at the bone graft sites of the rats' calvarial bone defects or a control group. In the experimental group, gallium-aluminum-arsenide (Ga-Al-As) diode LLL (wavelength 808 nm; output 96 mW) was used to irradiate three areas on and around bone defects. The radiation was administered by the contact method for 10 s at 8.3 J/cm(2), once a day for 7 days. The total dose over the complete schedule was 40.32 J. The animals were killed on days 7, 14 or 21. The results of immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of RANKL (P = 0.199), OPG (P = 0.035), and RANK (P = 0.020) in the experimental group significantly increased from day 7, with a more even distribution than in the control group, and that this difference prevailed until the end of the experiment. Bone density of the experimental group after trichrome staining was also higher than in the control group. These results suggest that LLL irradiation facilitates bone metabolism during bone healing at the sites of deproteinized bovine bone grafts in rats.

Effects of a Low-Intensity Laser on Dental Implant Osseointegration: Removal Torque and Resonance Frequency Analysis in Rabbits

“…[11][12][13][14] Some research studies have examined how low-intensity lasers affect the mechanism of bone regeneration, but there is much controversy, which indicates the need for more research to obtain certainty about how LILT afffects bone tissue. [15][16][17][18][19][20] However, in vitro and in vivo studies have showed a significant stimulation of the irradiation on the bone/implant complex, which is related to the ability of laser irradiation to accelerate cellular activity, such as improved alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity synthesis, 21 early osteoblastic differentiation, 22 and release of growth factors. 23 The ALP is regarded as a marker of osteoblast differentiation.…”

Low‐energy laser irradiation accelerates the velocity of tooth movement via stimulation of the alveolar bone remodeling

“…Kim et al. (42) reported that LELI facilitated bone metabolism during bone healing in rats. Further, Hamajima et al.…”

Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) Applied in Bone Reconstructive Surgery Using Bovine Bone Grafts: A Systematic Review

“…Most experimental and clinical studies describe that PBMT aids in the process of tissue regeneration, demonstrating biological modulatory effects on cell differentiation [9,16,17]. Photobiomodulation of bone tissue seems to increase the results of fracture repair [18], periodontal tissue [19], implant osseointegration [20] and bone reconstruction with or without biomaterials [15,[21][22][23][24][25]. Its application in clinical practice with the purpose of assisting healing after bone graft reconstruction surgery [26] is still poorly described in the scientific literature.…”

“…The literature cites as necessary in the reconstruction of bone defects three simultaneous conditions: (i) osteoconductive properties; (ii) inductive properties; and (iii) the presence of bone-forming cells [35]. As an alternative material, bovine bone graft [15,20,[36][37][38][39] is the most widely used due to its biocompatibility characteristics, as indicated in reconstructive areas related to traumatology, cranio-maxillary surgery, facial prosthetic rehabilitation, skeletal aging and esthetic aging [28]. Physical methods, such as low-intensity ultrasound (LIPUS) [40] and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), have the potential to improve the bone reconstruction process, acting or not in combination with bone grafts.…”