Expression of S100B during embryonic development of the mouse cerebellum

Hachem, Sabira; Laurenson, Anne-Sophie; Hugnot, Jean‐Philippe; Legraverend, Catherine

doi:10.1186/1471-213x-7-17

Cited by 39 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…This suggests a migration path of Sox1-expressing cells, from the ventricular zone toward the cortical layers, which is consistent with that of Bergmann glia precursors during cerebellar formation [13,20], although the possibility of Sox1 expression being sequentially turned off and on in different populations during development cannot be formally excluded at this stage. Although an earlier report proposed that Sox1 expression marked a neuronal population [19], the results presented here show that the Sox1-positive cells express Sox9, BLBP and S100, a signature recently confirmed to be associated with Bergmann glia progenitors [12,21]. These observations suggest that Sox1/Sox2/Sox9 expression, typically associated with NSCs in the CNS, is also a characteristic of Bergmann The pattern of Sox1-expressing cells observed at P7 would explain the apparent contradiction between the presence of a stem cell-like population located in the white matter of the immature cerebellum, as reported by Lee et al [9], and recent evidence that expression of the stem cell markers Sox1/Sox2/Sox9 is specifically found in the PCL in the adult [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…This dynamic distribution pattern was confirmed at the RNA level using RNA in situ hybridization, which showed that by P25, expression of the GFP transgene is restricted to the Bergmann glia in the PCL ( Figure 1I) as previously observed in the adult. To further determine the nature of these Sox1-positive cells detected in the immature cerebellum, we analyzed the expression of BLBP and S100, known to mark Bergmann glia cells [12,13].…”

Section: Developmental Distribution Of Sox1-expressing Cells In the Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic distribution and stem cell characteristics of Sox1-expressing cells in the cerebellar cortex

Alcock

Sottile

2009

Cell Res

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Bergmann glia cells are a discrete radial glia population surrounding Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex. Although Bergmann glia are essential for the development and correct arborization of Purkinje cells, little is known about the regulation of this cell population after the developmental phase. In an effort to characterize this population at the molecular level, we have analyzed marker expression and established that adult Bergmann glia express Sox1, Sox2 and Sox9, a feature otherwise associated with neural stem cells (NSCs). In the present study, we have further analyzed the developmental pattern of Sox1-expressing cells in the developing cerebellum. We report that before becoming restricted to the Purkinje cell layer, Sox1-positive cells are present throughout the immature tissue, and that these cells show characteristics of Bergmann glia progenitors. Our study shows that these progenitors express Sox1, Sox2 and Sox9, a signature maintained throughout cerebellar maturation into adulthood. When isolated in culture, the Sox1-expressing cerebellar population exhibited neurosphere-forming ability, NSC-marker characteristics, and demonstrated multipotency at the clonal level. Our results show that the Bergmann glia population expresses Sox1 during cerebellar development, and that these cells can be isolated and show stem cell characteristics in vitro, suggesting that they could hold a broader potential than previously thought.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Developmental Distribution Of Sox1-expressing Cells In the Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic distribution and stem cell characteristics of Sox1-expressing cells in the cerebellar cortex

Alcock

Sottile

2009

Cell Res

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“…S4). Previous studies showed that Sox9 labels BLBP+, S100β+ cerebellar VZ radial glial cells (28). The expressions of Ptf1a, Ngn2 and Mash1 mark cerebellar VZ GABAergic progenitor cells (19,29,30), and their expressions are also largely reduced in the Wnt1-cre;Shh f/-mutants (Fig.…”

Section: Cerebellar Radial Glial Cell Proliferation Is Defective In Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transventricular delivery of Sonic hedgehog is essential to cerebellar ventricular zone development

Huang¹,

Liu²,

Ketova³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

152

151

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Cerebellar neurons are generated from two germinal neuroepithelia: the ventricular zone (VZ) and rhombic lip. Signaling mechanisms that maintain the proliferative capacity of VZ resident progenitors remain elusive. We reveal that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is active in the cerebellar VZ and essential to radial glial cell proliferation and expansion of GABAergic interneurons. We demonstrate that the cerebellum is not the source of Shh that signals to the early VZ, and suggest a transventricular path for Shh ligand delivery. In agreement, we detected the presence of Shh protein in the circulating embryonic cerebrospinal fluid. This study identifies Shh as an essential proliferative signal for the cerebellar ventricular germinal zone, underscoring the potential contribution of VZ progenitors in the pathogenesis of cerebellar diseases associated with deregulated Shh signaling, and reveals a transventricular source of Shh in regulating neural development.cerebellum | cerebrospinal fluid | choroid plexus | radial glia | Shh

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“…An increasing body of evidence suggests that S100B might have a role during neurogenesis, participating in astrocyte maturation (23), and in migration of granule cell precursors (24). S100B is expressed in embryonic radial glia of both cerebellum and the subventricular zone and is considered a marker of these cells, together with RC1, RC2, brain lipid-binding protein, Tenascin-C, the glutamate transporter Glast, Sox9, and others (24 -27).…”

Section: S100b Is a Camentioning

confidence: 99%

S100B Protein Regulates Astrocyte Shape and Migration via Interaction with Src Kinase

Brozzi¹,

Arcuri²,

Giambanco

et al. 2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

137

109

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S100B is a Ca2؉ -binding protein of the EF-hand type that is abundantly expressed in astrocytes and has been implicated in the regulation of several intracellular activities, including proliferation and differentiation. We show here that reducing S100B levels in the astrocytoma cell line GL15 and the Müller cell line MIO-M1 by small interference RNA technique results in a rapid disassembly of stress fibers, collapse of F-actin onto the plasma membrane and reduced migration, and acquisition of a stellate shape. Also, S100B-silenced GL15 and MIO-M1 Müller cells show a higher abundance of glial fibrillary acidic protein filaments, which mark differentiated astrocytes, compared with control cells. These effects are dependent on reduced activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) downstream effectors, Akt and RhoA, and consequently elevated activity of GSK3␤ and Rac1 and decreased activity of the RhoAassociated kinase. Also, rat primary astrocytes transiently down-regulate S100B expression when exposed to the differentiating agent dibutyryl cyclic AMP and re-express S100B at later stages of dibutyryl cyclic AMP-induced differentiation. Moreover, reducing S100B levels results in a remarkably slow resumption of S100B expression, suggesting the S100B might regulate its own expression. Finally, we show that S100B interacts with Src kinase, thereby stimulating the PI3K/Akt and PI3K/RhoA pathways. These results suggest that S100B might contribute to reduce the differentiation potential of cells of the astrocytic lineage and participate in the astrocyte activation process in the case of brain insult and in invasive properties of glioma cells. S100B, a member of a multigenic family of Ca 2ϩ -binding protein of the EF-hand type, has been implicated in the regulation of both intracellular and extracellular activities (1-3). Within cells, S100B is found diffusely in the cytoplasm and associated with membranes and certain cytoskeleton elements. S100B has been implicated in the regulation of the state of assembly of microtubules and type III intermediate filaments, some enzyme activities, and cell proliferation. This last issue has attracted much attention because levels of S100B are high in certain cancer cells (1, 2, 4), and S100B has been proposed to contribute to tumorigenesis by inhibiting the function of the tumor suppressor protein p53 (5, 6) and to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation by stimulating the activity of the mitogenic kinases Ndr (7) and Akt (protein kinase B) (8).Astrocytes represent the brain cell type with the highest expression of S100B. Levels of S100B are augmented in astrogliosis, and several reports have associated the increased levels of S100B in astrocytes with the pathophysiology of degenerative and infectious/inflammatory brain disorders (1, 2, 9 -11). Moreover, the human S100B gene maps to chromosome 21.q22.3 (12), with consequent high S100B levels in Down syndrome. These observations led to the hypothesis that S100B might be involved in the pathogenesis and/or pathophysiology...

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Expression of S100B during embryonic development of the mouse cerebellum

Cited by 39 publications

References 59 publications

Dynamic distribution and stem cell characteristics of Sox1-expressing cells in the cerebellar cortex

Dynamic distribution and stem cell characteristics of Sox1-expressing cells in the cerebellar cortex

Transventricular delivery of Sonic hedgehog is essential to cerebellar ventricular zone development

S100B Protein Regulates Astrocyte Shape and Migration via Interaction with Src Kinase

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