2012
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0617-oa
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Expression of Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase in Lentigo Maligna: Use of Immunohistochemistry With Anti–Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase Antibody (R21) in Diagnosis of Lentigo Maligna and Assessment of Margins

Abstract: Background Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is an enzyme that generates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a signaling molecule involved in regulating melanocyte differentiation, proliferation and melanogenesis. R21, a mouse monoclonal antibody against sAC, shows a pattern of pan nuclear staining in lentigo maligna showing possible utility for diagnosis and for margin assessment. Design 31 re-excision specimens for lentigo maligna were evaluated for R21 expression using a previously published protocol. In … Show more

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Cited by 26 publications
(33 citation statements)
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“…Mel-5 has also been reported to have excellent efficacy and is thought to provide less collateral staining of nonmelanocytes when used in Mohs surgery as a rapid immunostain [18]. A newer marker, R21, a monoclonal antibody against the soluble enzyme adenylyl cyclase has been recently utilized in facilitating diagnosis of lentigo maligna, showing strong nuclear staining [24]. However, this marker is not very reliable as it stains both benign as well as malignant melanocytes, and is usually associated with high background staining.…”
Section: Diagnosismentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Mel-5 has also been reported to have excellent efficacy and is thought to provide less collateral staining of nonmelanocytes when used in Mohs surgery as a rapid immunostain [18]. A newer marker, R21, a monoclonal antibody against the soluble enzyme adenylyl cyclase has been recently utilized in facilitating diagnosis of lentigo maligna, showing strong nuclear staining [24]. However, this marker is not very reliable as it stains both benign as well as malignant melanocytes, and is usually associated with high background staining.…”
Section: Diagnosismentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Moreover, nuclear sAC has been suggested to determine the aggressiveness of certain skin and prostate cancers (Flacke et al, 2013;Magro et al, 2012a;Magro et al, 2012b;Zippin et al, 2010). In the heart, sAC controls mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in both coronary endothelial cells (Kumar et al, 2009) and cardiomyocytes (Appukuttan et al, 2012) (reviewed in Chen et al, 2012b).…”
Section: Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…sAC was shown to localize to the nucleus in numerous cell types by cellular fractionation and immunohistochemistry [3] and later confirmed by FRET based imaging [21]. sAC moves in and out of the nucleus of certain cells during specific inflammatory diseases (e.g., psoriasis), infectious diseases (e.g., human papillomavirus infection), and malignancy (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma) discussed in more detail below [3,22,23]. Since sAC is known to regulate Rap1 in an EPAC-dependent manner it is plausible that sAC is a nuclear source of cAMP regulating EPAC in the nucleus.…”
Section: Exchange Protein Activated By Campmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, S-100 is one of the few immunohistochemical markers to identify spindle cell melanomas, though 10% of desmoplastic melanomas have weak or no staining with S-100 [23,60]. S-100 can be detected with rabbit or mouse monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies that react strongly with S-100B primarily, and weakly with S-100A1 or S-100A6 [61].…”
Section: Current State Of Melanoma Diagnosticsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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