Expression of the aldehyde oxidase 3, ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase, and VIVIPAROUS 1 genes in wheat cultivars differing in their susceptibility to pre-harvest sprouting

Abstract

The quality of wheat grains is often negatively affected by pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), a complex trait with a poorly understood genetic background. In this study two wheat cultivars differing in their susceptibility to PHS were used to investigate expression of three genes: AAO3, CPS3 and VP1. AAO3 is coding for aldehyde oxidase 3, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of abscisic acid. CPS3 codes for ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase which belongs to the pathway of gibberellic acid synthesis. The product of VP1 (VIVIPAROUS 1) is a transcription factor which controls expression of the former two genes. The study was carried out using both developing and sprouting-induced grains. In Piko, a wheat cultivar susceptible to PHS, accumulation of the AAO3 transcript was significantly decreased, during the last stages of grain development, in comparison to Sława, a cultivar tolerant to PHS. In case of the CPS3 and VP1 transcripts, the differences between cultivars were especially evident from 17 th to 31 st day after pollination. In turn, after induction of sprouting within spikes, accumulation of the AAO3 and VP1 mRNA in the Sława grains was lower in comparison to that observed in the Piko grains. Moreover, accumulation of the CPS3 transcript was significantly higher for Piko than for Sława, both in sprouting and non-sprouting grains. According to our knowledge this report provides the first description of the AAO3 and CPS3 expression in the context of PHS, and in the future it would be valuable to correlate this information with the data on the accumulation of ABA and GA 3 .Additional key words: ABA; GA; germination; grain development; Triticum aestivum L.; quantitative PCR.Correspondence should be addressed to Magdalena Simlat: m.simlat@ur.krakow.pl Zieliński, A.; Moś, M. (2017). Expression of the aldehyde oxidase 3, ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase, and VIVIPAROUS 1 genes in wheat cultivars differing in their susceptibility to pre-harvest sprouting.

Genome-Wide Identification of WD40 Proteins in Cucurbita maxima Reveals Its Potential Functions in Fruit Development

“…Regulatory homomeric or heteromeric complexes consist of protein-protein interaction, mainly regulated by scaffolding [4]. A common molecular mechanism of the action of WD40 proteins is that WD40 proteins participate in a series of cellular, physiological, and developmental processes as the scaffold of protein-protein interactions [23,24]. For example, as a component of the cytoplasm or nucleoplasm, WD40 proteins interact with membrane proteins and link to the cytoskeleton or membrane [17].…”

“…For example, as a component of the cytoplasm or nucleoplasm, WD40 proteins interact with membrane proteins and link to the cytoskeleton or membrane [17]. In plants, WD40 proteins bind with diverse proteins in extensive ways to form complex structures and are involved in various biological regulatory processes, such as cell movement and cycle, light vision and signaling, flowering transition, anthocyanin biosynthesis, meristematic recognition, and floral development [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. TTG1, a WD40 protein in A. thaliana, Antirrhinum majus, and Petunia hybrida, acts as the scaffold for interaction with MYB and bHLH proteins and plays an important role in the regulation of trichome development, seed-coat pigmentation, epidermal cell, root-hair differentiation, etc.…”

Grain Yield and Its Associations With Pre-harvest Sprouting in Wheat

“…Many of these genes are linked to hormonal signaling, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid mainly. And their synthesis is necessary to induce seed dormancy (Simlat et al, 2017).…”