Expression of the early nodulin, ENOD40, in soybean roots in response to various lipo‐chitin signal molecules

Minami, Eiichi; Kouchi, Hiroshi; Cohn, Jonathan; Ogawa, Tomoya; Stacey, Gary

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1996.10010023.x

Cited by 127 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It is of interest that this surface localization appears to be confined to that region of the root axis that is susceptible to nodulation. The presence of Db-LNP in the root pericycle is of interest in that it is within these cells that the early nodulin gene, ENOD40, is activated within several hours of exposure of the roots to rhizobial symbionts or to Nod factor (Kouchi and Hata, 1993;Vijn et al, 1993;Yang et al, 1993;Crespi et al, 1994;Minami et al, 1996b). These cells subsequently contribute to the formation of the nodule (for reviews see Mylona et al, 1995;Dénarié, et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of a Nod Factor-Binding Protein in Legume Roots and Factors Influencing Its Distribution and Expression

Kalsi

Etzler

2000

Plant Physiology

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The roots of the legume Dolichos biflorus contain a lectin/nucleotide phosphohydrolase (Db-LNP) that binds to the Nod factor signals produced by rhizobia that nodulate this plant. In this study we show that Db-LNP is differentially distributed along the surface of the root axis in a pattern that correlates with the zone of nodulation of the root. Db-LNP is present on the surface of young and emerging root hairs and redistributes to the tips of the root hairs in response to treatment of the roots with a rhizobial symbiont or with a carbohydrate ligand. This redistribution does not occur in response to a non-symbiotic rhizobial strain or a root pathogen. Db-LNP is also present in the root pericycle where its level decreases upon initiation of nodule formation. Maximum levels of Db-LNP are found in 2-d-old roots, and the expression of this root protein is increased when the plants are grown in the absence of NO 3 Ϫ and NH 4 ϩ . These results support the possibility that Db-LNP is involved in the initiation of the Rhizobium legume symbiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of a Nod Factor-Binding Protein in Legume Roots and Factors Influencing Its Distribution and Expression

Kalsi

Etzler

2000

Plant Physiology

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“…To investigate further the importance of NFs and NFRs in the expression of these symbiosis genes, we compared their expression in the roots of Enrei and En1282 inoculated with T3SS and nodC mutants using realtime RT-PCR. Two well-characterized symbiosis genes, ENOD40 (15) and NIN (16), were selected as marker genes because their expression is induced early after NF perception (17,18). In both Enrei and En1282 roots, relative expression levels of ENOD40 and NIN were significantly induced by the inoculation of USDA61 (Fig.…”

Section: T3ss-dependent Expression Of Symbiosis Genes Enod40 and Gmninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hijacking of leguminous nodulation signaling by the rhizobial type III secretion system

Okazaki

Kaneko

Sato

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

225

161

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Root-nodule symbiosis between leguminous plants and nitrogenfixing bacteria (rhizobia) involves molecular communication between the two partners. Key components for the establishment of symbiosis are rhizobium-derived lipochitooligosaccharides (Nod factors; NFs) and their leguminous receptors (NFRs) that initiate nodule development and bacterial entry. Here we demonstrate that the soybean microsymbiont Bradyrhizobium elkanii uses the type III secretion system (T3SS), which is known for its delivery of virulence factors by pathogenic bacteria, to promote symbiosis. Intriguingly, wild-type B. elkanii, but not the T3SS-deficient mutant, was able to form nitrogen-fixing nodules on soybean nfr mutant En1282. Furthermore, even the NF-deficient B. elkanii mutant induced nodules unless T3SS genes were mutated. Transcriptional analysis revealed that expression of the soybean nodulationspecific genes ENOD40 and NIN was increased in the roots of En1282 inoculated with B. elkanii but not with its T3SS mutant, suggesting that T3SS activates host nodulation signaling by bypassing NF recognition. Root-hair curling and infection threads were not observed in the roots of En1282 inoculated with B. elkanii, indicating that T3SS is involved in crack entry or intercellular infection. These findings suggest that B. elkanii has adopted a pathogenic system for activating host symbiosis signaling to promote its infection.

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“…A role in the initiation of cortical cell divisions was proposed, because over expression of enod40 in transgenic Medicago truncatula plants resulted in extensive cortical cell division in the absence and an increased rate of nodulation in the presence of Rhizobium (Charon et al, 1997(Charon et al, , 1999. However, enod40 expression in the root pericycle and nodule progen-itor cells is not necessarily accompanied by divisions of cortical cells (Minami et al, 1996;Mathesius et al, 2000). Furthermore, enod40 expression persists in the pericycle of the vascular bundles of mature nodules, indicating an additional role in nodule function (Kouchi and Hata, 1993;Yang et al, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Enod40 genes of legumes with determinate nodules are clustered in group I, and all encode a putative peptide of 12 amino acids; whereas enod40 genes of legumes with indeterminate nodules cluster in group II, and their region I ORF corresponds to a peptide of 13 amino acids. In plants where two different enod40 genes were detected, such as soybean (Minami et al, 1996), alfalfa (Fang and Hirsch, 1998), and Lotus japonicus (Flemetakis et al, 2000), both genes were clustered within the same enod40 gene group.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The White Clover enod40 Gene Family. Expression Patterns of Two Types of Genes Indicate a Role in Vascular Function

Varkonyi‐Gasic

White

2002

Plant Physiology

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Enod40 is one of the genes associated with legume nodule development and has a putative role in general plant organogenesis. We have isolated a small enod40 gene family from white clover (Trifolium repens), with three genes designated Trenod40-1, Trenod40-2, and Trenod40-3, all containing the conserved enod40 regions I and II. Trenod40-1 and Trenod40-2 share over 90% homology in the transcribed regions and high levels of similarity in their upstream regulatory sequences. Trenod40-1 and Trenod40-2 are similar to the enod40 genes of legumes forming indeterminate nodules (group II) and are predominantly expressed in nodules. Trenod40-3 shares only 32.8% identity with Trenod40-1 and Trenod40-2 within the transcribed region. Trenod40-3 is similar to the enod40 genes of legumes with determinate nodules (group I) and is not predominantly expressed in nodules. To our knowledge, this is the first report of both group I-and group II-type enod40 genes being expressed in a single legume species. In situ hybridization studies revealed that Trenod40 genes were highly expressed in non-symbiotic tissues, particularly in stolon nodes during nodal root and lateral shoot development. High levels of Trenod40 transcripts were also present in the vascular bundles of mature plant organs, mainly at sites of intensive lateral transport, suggesting a role in vascular tissue function. The expression pattern of Trenod40 genes was analyzed further using Trenod40 promoter-gus fusions in transgenic white clover and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), indicating that white clover and tobacco share the regulatory mechanisms for Trenod40-1/2 promoters and some aspects of Trenod40-3 regulation.

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Expression of the early nodulin, ENOD40, in soybean roots in response to various lipo‐chitin signal molecules

Cited by 127 publications

References 27 publications

Localization of a Nod Factor-Binding Protein in Legume Roots and Factors Influencing Its Distribution and Expression

Localization of a Nod Factor-Binding Protein in Legume Roots and Factors Influencing Its Distribution and Expression

Hijacking of leguminous nodulation signaling by the rhizobial type III secretion system

The White Clover enod40 Gene Family. Expression Patterns of Two Types of Genes Indicate a Role in Vascular Function

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