Expression of the fms-like tyrosine kinase 4 gene becomes restricted to lymphatic endothelium during development.

Abstract

We have recently cloned the human fms-like tyrosine kinase 4

D2-40 immunohistochemical analysis of pediatric vascular tumors reveals positivity in kaposiform hemangioendothelioma

“…27 Although some markers are fairly specific for lymphothelium, they exhibit different expression patterns during prenatal development and the respective immunopositivity does not necessarily indicate the lymphothelial origin of a vascular tumor. For example, VEGFR-3 selectively stains normal lymphatics in adult tissues; 28,29 however, it is expressed in both lymphatic and blood vessels in the early embryonal period. 28 Furthermore, both blood vessel and lymphatic vascular tumors immunoreact with the VEGFR-3 antibody.…”

“…For example, VEGFR-3 selectively stains normal lymphatics in adult tissues; 28,29 however, it is expressed in both lymphatic and blood vessels in the early embryonal period. 28 Furthermore, both blood vessel and lymphatic vascular tumors immunoreact with the VEGFR-3 antibody. 9 Another predominantly lymphothelial marker, LYVE-1 has been shown to stain endothelium of …”

Calcium carbonate nanoparticle delivering vascular endothelial growth factor-C siRNA effectively inhibits lymphangiogenesis and growth of gastric cancer in vivo

“…The silencing mechanism is triggered by double-stranded RNA that causes specific degradation of the homologous target mRNA. [24][25][26][27] This new approach has been successfully applied to inhibit virus replication 28 and tumorigenicity. 29 Recent reports have described DNA vector-based strategies for delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) into mammalian cells.…”

VEGF-D expression and lymph vessels play an important role for lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma

“…Since VEGFR-3 has been demonstrated to be expressed almost exclusively in the lymphatic endothelium and thus considered to be a major regulator of lymphangiogenesis, 6 VEGF-D appears to be an important lymphangiogenic factor. Recent evidence suggests that tumor lymphangiogenesis, that is, the growth of tumor-associated lymphatic vessels, promotes lymphatic metastasis.…”