Expression of the gene for ribosome-inactivating protein, SoRIP2, as a tool for the evaluation of somatic embryogenesis in spinach

Belić, Maja; Savić﻿﻿﻿, Jelena; Tubić, Ljiljana; Devrnja, Nina; Ćalić﻿﻿﻿, Dušica; Zdravković-Korać, Snežana; Milojević, Jelena

doi:10.1007/s11240-017-1193-8

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The highest increase in the expression of SoRIP2 in Sl samples preceded the appearance of the first discernible (by a stereomicroscope) SEs for a week. This is also in accordance with the previous study, which showed the highest expression of SoRIP2 in SEs at the globular stage of development, when they are embedded in the root proliferations and could be hardly observed even by a stereomicroscope 24 . Delayed response of the explants chosen for SoRIP2 expression in the present study was another indicator of lower embryogenic capacity of these seedlings.…”

Section: Scientific Reportssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…One-cm-long apical fragments of the lateral roots were isolated and cultivated on IM for 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 weeks. The root explants were harvested 4 h after the light was turned on 24 , frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at − 80 °C until RNA isolation. Tissue culture controls for the measurement of embryogenic capacity by SE counting were prepared in parallel and used for a comparison with SoRIP2 expression data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was shown that two spinach ribosome-inactivating proteins, SoRIP1 and SoRIP2, were differentially expressed during somatic embryo induction and regeneration 22,23 . Our previous study showed that SoRIP2 expression, which peaked in somatic embryos at the globular stage of development, could be used as a reliable marker for the assessment of regeneration capacity of the explants 24 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Variability in somatic embryo-forming capacity of spinach

Belić

Zdravković-Korać

Uzelac

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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High variability in somatic embryo (SE)-forming capacity has previously been observed in several spinach cultivars. Such variability frequently accounted for more variation in embryogenic response of the explants than the factor being investigated. Hence, the variability in embryogenic capacity was examined in the present study at both the population and the single-seedling level, using seeds of spinach cultivar Matador obtained from nine European seed companies. Seed population obtained from Slovenia (Sl) was superior to others, with the highest regeneration frequency (100%) and the highest mean SE number (14.4). A total of 82% of these seedlings had 80–100% of regenerating explants, while in populations with intermediate embryogenic capacity approximately 40% of seedlings had 20–60% of regenerating explants. The explants from the majority of seedlings (52–100%) in the least responsive populations were irresponsive. Furthermore, the explants from Sl seedlings regenerated from 10–20 (43.5%) up to > 20 (27.6%) SEs on average, while the explants from the majority of seedlings belonging to other populations regenerated 1–10 SEs. The present study strongly indicates that the variability of plant material must not be overlooked, because choosing more responsive individuals for one treatment and less responsive ones for another may lead to misinterpretation of the data.

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Section: Scientific Reportssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability in somatic embryo-forming capacity of spinach

Belić

Zdravković-Korać

Uzelac

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Section: Explant Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because root segments had the highest embryogenic capacity in most studies, they were the preferred explants in subsequent studies of somatic embryogenesis in spinach [70,71,84,102,105,[108][109][110]. Moreover, some studies found that the regeneration response Because root segments had the highest embryogenic capacity in most studies, they were the preferred explants in subsequent studies of somatic embryogenesis in spinach [70,71,84,102,105,[108][109][110]. Moreover, some studies found that the regeneration response differed along the roots-the apical and middle fragments of the roots responded more strongly than the basal ones [83], which is why some authors used only the root apices [71,102,105,[108][109][110].…”

Section: Explant Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic Embryogenesis in Spinach—A Review

Zdravković-Korać,

Belić,

Ćalić

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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A spinach-supplemented diet exerts numerous health benefits, but high levels of oxalic acid and nitrate can cause medical problems, so their levels should be reduced, while the levels of vitamins and phytochemicals could be further increased by breeding. Conventional spinach breeding is limited by the very complex sex determination. However, these limitations could be circumvented in synergy with a biotechnological approach. Accordingly, tissue culture techniques allow rapid and efficient clonal propagation of selected valuable genotypes, and somatic embryogenesis has been recognized as a superior process for clonal propagation because somatic embryos resemble zygotic embryos and therefore can spontaneously develop into complete plants. Since spinach has been considered recalcitrant to in vitro regeneration for decades, a deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying somatic embryogenesis is important for a better understanding and further improvement of the efficiency of this process. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the major factors affecting somatic embryogenesis in spinach is presented and discussed, with particular emphasis on the synergistic effects of α-naphthaleneacetic acid, gibberellic acid, light, and the intrinsic predisposition of individual seedlings to somatic embryogenesis, as well as the expression of genes encoding key enzymes involved in the maintenance of gibberellin homeostasis and the levels of endogenous gibberellins.

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