Expression of the <i>AtSUC1</i> gene in the female gametophyte, and ecotype‐specific expression differences in male reproductive organs

Feuerstein, Andrea; Niedermeier, Matthias; Bauer, K.; Engelmann, S.; Hoth, Stefan; Stadler, Ruth; Sauer, Norbert

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00389.x

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, after fertilization, the developing embryo remains symplasmically isolated from the mother tissues, and further transport of photoassimilates is attained with specific transporters and carriers Werner et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2015b). Here, the expression of SUC1, SUC8, and SUC9 genes has been detected Feuerstein et al, 2010), although the differential expression of the SUC1 transporter observed in Arabidopsis ecotypes suggests functional redundancy. In the ovule, the synergid cells that surround the egg also are metabolically very active.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Partitioning and Metabolism In Floral Organsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Floral Metabolism of Sugars and Amino Acids: Implications for Pollinators’ Preferences and Seed and Fruit Set

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Primary metabolism in flowers sustains a plenitude of physiological and ecological functions related to floral development and plant reproduction. Carbohydrates and amino acids provide energy and precursors for the reactions of floral secondary metabolism, such as the molecules for color and scent, and constitute an important resource of food for the pollinators. Recent discoveries have advanced our understanding of the cycles of carbohydrate hydrolysis and resynthesis that regulate pollen development, pollen tube growth, and pollination as well as the composition of nectar. Pathways of de novo amino acid biosynthesis have been described in flowers, and the proteins that regulate pollen tube guidance and ultimately control fertilization are being progressively characterized. Finally, a novel field of research is emerging that investigates the chemical modification of sugars and amino acids by colonizing microorganisms and how these affect the pollinators' preferences for flowers. In this Update article, we provide an overview of the new discoveries and future directions concerning the study of the primary metabolism of flowers.The chemistry of flowers is unique, as it sustains very diverse physiological functions such as flower development, the transition from flower to fruit, and the initial phases of seed set (O'Neill, 1997;Pélabon et al., 2015). In addition, floral metabolites fulfill relevant ecological roles, such as acting as signaling molecules in the chemical communication with animal pollinators (Borghi et al., 2017), providing protection against pests and colonizing microorganisms (Kessler and Baldwin, 2007;Nepi, 2014). Stunning displays of the metabolic resources of flowers are, for example, their colors and fragrance, which occur following the accumulation and emission of tinted and scented secondary metabolites, respectively (Grotewold, 2006;Tanaka et al., 2008;Khan and Giridhar, 2015). Perhaps less sensational, but equally as important, are the reactions of primary metabolism. Indeed, these sustain the physiology of flowers, provide the chemical precursors, and meet the energy demand of floral secondary metabolism (Muhlemann et al., 2014). Moreover, sugars and amino acids also serve as a nutritional reward for the pollinators that feed on nectar and pollen (Pacini et al., 2006;Heil, 2011;Roy et al., 2017). Therefore, knowing how primary metabolites are imported or de novo synthesized in flowers, and how they are secreted and catabolized, is at the heart of floral biology, being relevant to understand the physiology of plant reproduction and the role that flowers play in the ecosystem. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of floral central metabolism. How primary metabolism sustains flower development, and fruit and seed set, also will be addressed. Finally, given the considerable proportion of primary metabolites that are channeled into nectar, we will discuss the chemical composition of nectar, the modifications that arise from fermentation processes by colonizing yeasts and bacteria, an...

show abstract

Section: Carbohydrate Partitioning and Metabolism In Floral Organsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Floral Metabolism of Sugars and Amino Acids: Implications for Pollinators’ Preferences and Seed and Fruit Set

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…ATSUC2 is involved in loading sugar from the apoplast to conductive elements [33]. F14P1.2, AT1G19650, a Sec14p-like phosphatidylinositol transfer family protein, is linked to the upregulated AT1G22530, a patellin 2 transporter (Table S3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Interaction Network of Arabidopsis thaliana Female Gametophyte Development Identifies Novel Proteins and Relations

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although the female gametophyte in angiosperms consists of just seven cells, it has a complex biological network. In this study, female gametophyte microarray data from Arabidopsis thaliana were integrated into the Arabidopsis interactome database to generate a putative interaction map of the female gametophyte development including proteome map based on biological processes and molecular functions of proteins. Biological and functional groups as well as topological characteristics of the network were investigated by analyzing phytohormones, plant defense, cell death, transporters, regulatory factors, and hydrolases. This approach led to the prediction of critical members and bottlenecks of the network. Seventy-four and 24 upregulated genes as well as 171 and 3 downregulated genes were identified in subtracted networks based on biological processes and molecular function respectively, including novel genes such as the pathogenesis-related protein 4, ER type Ca2+ ATPase 3, dihydroflavonol reductase, and ATP disulfate isomerase. Biologically important relationships between genes, critical nodes, and new essential proteins such as AT1G26830, AT5G20850, CYP74A, AT1G42396, PR4 and MEA were found in the interactome's network. The positions of novel genes, both upregulated and downregulated, and their relationships with biological pathways, in particular phytohormones, were highlighted in this study.

show abstract

“…In the present study, Arabidopsis lines were generated and analysed that had SUC2, their companion cell-specific phloem loader, replaced either with SUC1, another Arabidopsis sucrose transporter that is usually expressed in pollen, anther connective tissue, developing ovules, or roots of seedlings (Stadler et al , 1999; Sivitz et al , 2008; Feuerstein et al , 2010), or with Srt1 from the corn smut fungus U. maydis (Wahl et al , 2010). Transcription and translation of the transgenes were followed by RT-PCR and with specific antisera, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analogously, purification of available anti-SUC1 raw serum (αSUC1) was done using a synthetic peptide (Feuerstein et al , 2010). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SUC1 is expressed primarily in roots and the reproductive organs, but there is no evidence for SUC1 expression in mature leaves or in the vasculature (Stadler et al , 1999; Sivitz et al , 2008; Feuerstein et al , 2010; Hoth et al , 2010). Studies of the K m values for sucrose showed that SUC1 and SUC2 have similar affinities for sucrose ( K m SUC1: 0.4–0.5 mM, K m SUC2: 0.8–1.4 mM; Sauer and Stolz, 1994; Zhou et al , 1997; Chandran et al , 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Arabidopsis SUC1 loads the phloem in suc2 mutants when expressed from the SUC2 promoter

Wippel

Sauer

2011

Journal of Experimental Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Active loading of sucrose into phloem companion cells (CCs) is an essential process in apoplastic loaders, such as Arabidopsis or tobacco (Nicotiana sp.), and is even used by symplastic loaders such as melon (Cucumis melo) under certain stress conditions. Reduction of the amount or complete removal of the transporters catalysing this transport step results in severe developmental defects. Here we present analyses of two Arabidopsis lines, suc2-4 and suc2-5, that carry a null allele of the SUC2 gene which encodes the Arabidopsis phloem loader. These lines were complemented with constructs expressing either the Arabidopsis SUC1 or the Ustilago maydis srt1 cDNA from the SUC2 promoter. Both SUC1 and Srt1 are energy-dependent sucrose/H+ symporters and differ in specific kinetic properties from the SUC2 protein. Transgene expression was confirmed by RT-PCRs, the subcellular localization of Srt1 in planta with an Srt1-RFP fusion, and the correct CC-specific localization of the recombinant proteins by immunolocalization with anti-Srt1 and anti-SUC1 antisera. The transport capacity of Srt1 was studied in Srt1-GFP expressing Arabidopsis protoplasts. Although both proteins were found exclusively in CCs, only SUC1 complemented the developmental defects of suc2-4 and suc2-5 mutants. As SUC1 and Srt1 are well characterized, this result provides an insight into the properties that are essential for sucrose transporters to load the phloem successfully.

show abstract

Expression of the AtSUC1 gene in the female gametophyte, and ecotype‐specific expression differences in male reproductive organs

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Floral Metabolism of Sugars and Amino Acids: Implications for Pollinators’ Preferences and Seed and Fruit Set

Floral Metabolism of Sugars and Amino Acids: Implications for Pollinators’ Preferences and Seed and Fruit Set

Protein Interaction Network of Arabidopsis thaliana Female Gametophyte Development Identifies Novel Proteins and Relations

Arabidopsis SUC1 loads the phloem in suc2 mutants when expressed from the SUC2 promoter

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About