Expression of Toll-like Receptor TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-4 and TLR-9 Is Increased in Placentas from Patients with Preeclampsia

Functional Toll-like receptors in primary first-trimester trophoblasts

“…Enhanced placental expression of endosomal TLRs in PTB and PE in humans have been shown (Chatterjee et al, 2012, Pineda et al, 2011. Viruses such as cytomegalovirus may infect and replicate in the placenta inducing local TLR3-mediated inflammation (Tabeta et al, 2004), and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 18 RNA released from damaged tissue or contained within endocytosed cells are endogenous TLR3…”

“…TLRs have been implicated in pregnancy complications such as PTB and PE (Elovitz et al, 2003, Pineda et al, 2011, Koga et al, 2009). Reports of trophoblast TLR expression suggest a role in placentation and inflammatory responses during pregnancy, but the majority of existing studies have examined placental tissue (Holmlund et al, 2002, Klaffenbach et al, 2005, Pineda et al, 2011, Chatterjee et al, 2012 or term trophoblasts (Chan and Guilbert, 2006, Mitsunari et al, 2006, Aye et al, 2012, Lucchi and Moore, 2007, Ma et al, 2006, Ma et al, 2007.…”

Toll-like receptor profiling of seven trophoblast cell lines warrants caution for translation to primary trophoblasts

“…Ten different human TLRs, each responding to a specific set of ligands, have been identified [4]. TLR expression and activation in primary trophoblasts [5][6][7][8][9][10] may contribute substantially to development of inflammatory pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia [11][12][13]. In Tangerås/Stødle et al [7] we demonstrated a broad functional TLR profile in primary first trimester trophoblasts, while the trophoblast cell line BeWo showed no TLR mediated cytokine response.…”

Placental Regulation of Inflammation and Hypoxia after TNF‐α Infusion in Mice

“…22 The TLR-4 expression by trophoblasts has been found to be significantly higher in women with pre-eclampsia 21-23 as has the placental expression of TLR-3. 23 Recently, there has been a growing interest in the interdependence of immune responses and metabolic regulation, 24,25 focussing on the hypoxia response. 26 It has been suggested that the interplay of a dysfunctional immune system with the hypoxia response is core to the aetiology and mechanisms of pre-eclampsia.…”