Expression of Toll-like receptors on peripheral blood white cells in acute otitis media

Abstract

Peripheral blood monocytes are characterized by increased expression of TLRs in the course of recurrent AOM.

A novel small molecule TLR4 antagonist (IAXO-102) negatively regulates non-hematopoietic toll like receptor 4 signalling and inhibits aortic aneurysms development

“…Data from the literature have shown a differential TLR4 or CD14 expression among different types of immune cells including lymphocytes and granulocytes [25]. In our hands, we found that TLR4/CD14 are expressed in vascular cells from human or mouse origin (data are not shown).…”

Toll-Like Receptors: Expression and Roles in Otitis Media

“…A comparison of TLR4 expression in lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes in peripheral blood from children with recurrent or persistent AOM showed that TLR4 expression is high in monocytes and low in lymphocytes. These results suggest that an increase in TLR4 in peripheral blood monocytes is involved in the pathogenesis of AOM [20]. An analysis of DNA samples from 348 children with a history of two or more AOM episodes and 463 healthy adults showed that the TLR4 299A/A genotype was associated with an otitis-prone condition [39].…”

“…A study on TLR1 expression in relation to otitis media that compared the expression of TLR1 in the peripheral blood of recurrent or persistent AOM children with that of a normal pediatric control group showed that expression of TLR1 in monocytes was higher in the AOM group than in the normal control group [20]. In another study, in which OME children who had undergone ventilation tube insertion were classified into otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone groups, a comparison of TLR1 expression in middle ear effusion of both groups showed a trend toward higher expression of TLR1 mRNA in the otitis-prone group [21].…”

“…A comparison of the expression of TLR2 in lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes in blood from recurrent or persistent AOM pediatric patients showed that the expression of TLR2 was high in monocytes and low in lymphocytes. Collectively, these results suggest that increased TLR2 expression in peripheral blood monocytes is involved in the pathogenesis of AOM [20]. In a study that divided AOM children into otitis-prone and non-otitis prone groups, middle ear fluid was collected by tympanocentesis, and TICAM2 (Toll-like receptor adapter molecule 2) expression in both groups was compared using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).…”

“…It has been shown that TLR4 is expressed in AOM, OME, COM with cholesteatoma, and COM without cholesteatoma, and is closely related to the etiology of otitis media [20]. A comparison of TLR4 expression in lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes in peripheral blood from children with recurrent or persistent AOM showed that TLR4 expression is high in monocytes and low in lymphocytes.…”