Expression of transforming growth factor-β but not tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-4 in granulomatous lung lesions in tuberculosis

Aung, Htin; Toossi, Zahra; McKenna, Siobhan; Gogate, Prema; Sierra, J. G.; Sada, Eduardo; Rich, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1054/tuld.2000.0235

Cited by 46 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…More robust TGF-β generation was detected in patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in patients with advanced disease; as compared to the controls in a study conducted by Dlugovitzky et al [17], Aung et al [18] showed that TGF-β was expressed in lung tissues from patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, in contrast to what was observed with IFN-γ. They suggested that TGF-β might be involved in the development and/or consequences of the formation of tuberculous granuloma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…However, Dlugovitzky et al [17] reported that patients with mild pulmonary tuberculosis also exhibited higher levels of IFN-γ generation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in comparison with patients suffering from advanced disease. On the other hand, Aung et al [18] conducted immunohistochemical studies in order to determine the levels of cytokines in lung tissues from patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, and IFN-γ was found to be absent in the sections obtained from all 19 patients. Altogether, this controversy regarding the actual role of IFN-γ in immune responses against mycobacteria requires further study before it can be adequately resolved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in the Levels of Interferon-γ and Transforming Growth Factor-β Influence Bronchial Stenosis during the Treatment of Endobronchial Tuberculosis

Kim

Kim²,

Joe³

et al. 2006

Respiration

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Background: Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) has been shown to frequently complicate bronchial stenosis, a condition which can induce dyspnea as a result of airway obstruction, and is also frequently misdiagnosed as either bronchial asthma or lung cancer. Objectives: This study attempted to determine whether there was a correlation between interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels in the serum and bronchial washing fluid (BWF), and the results of the treatment of EBTB patients. Methods: Thirty patients, all of whom were diagnosed as EBTB, were enrolled, as were 10 healthy control subjects. IFN-γ and TGF-β levels were measured by the ELISA method in the serum and BWF of these 30 EBTB patients before and after treatment. The EBTB patients were divided into two groups: those who exhibited bronchial stenosis after treatment and those who did not. Chest computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary function test (PFT) were performed in 16 and 25 patients, respectively, at initial bronchoscopy. Results: IFN-γ and TGF-β levels in the BWF of the EBTB patients were elevated compared to the controls (p < 0.05). After 2 months of treatment, 13 of the 30 EBTB patients exhibited bronchial fibrostenosis and the other 17 cases had recovered without sequelae. In the bronchial stenosis group, the initial serum TGF-β levels were lower than in the patients without bronchial stenosis (p < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of serum TGF-β after treatment were shown to have decreased more than in the patients without bronchial stenosis (p < 0.05). On chest CT findings of 16 EBTB patients, bronchial narrowing was suspected except in 2 cases (1 edematous-hyperemic type, 1 actively caseating type of segmental bronchus). The common features of PFT in EBTB at the initial diagnosis were a restrictive pattern and normal ventilatory function. Conclusions: Elevated IFN-γ and TGF-β levels in the BWF of the EBTB patients may be related to EBTB pathogenesis. Lowered initial serum TGF-β levels as well as the observed changes in the levels of TGF-β in the serum after treatment have been implicated in bronchial fibrostenosis during the course of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Levels of Interferon-γ and Transforming Growth Factor-β Influence Bronchial Stenosis during the Treatment of Endobronchial Tuberculosis

Kim

Kim²,

Joe³

et al. 2006

Respiration

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“…Although we did not identify the cell type, previous reports have described the production of 1,25-D 3 by local and peripheral CD8 ϩ T cells (11) and the expression of the VDR on both CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ T cells in human tuberculosis (7). In addition to the above-mentioned activities of 1,25-D 3 in cellular recruitment and polarization, which could be important within the granuloma, 1,25-D 3 is also known to control the monokines transforming growth factor ␤ (27) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (16), both of which have been identified in human tuberculous granulomas (4,21). Furthermore, 1,25-D 3 is known to activate monocytes and macrophages to kill intracellular mycobacteria (17,19,41,42), at least in part via the induction of nitric oxide.…”

Section: Vdr Ligation Down-regulates T-cell Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D ₃ and Development of Tuberculosis in Cattle

Rhodes

Lee

Hope

et al. 2003

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Sunshine and cod liver oil both have a long association with the treatment of tuberculosis and represent the two sources of vitamin D available, via UV irradiation of the skin and diet. Reports from the mid-19th century suggest that vitamin D in the form of cod liver oil was beneficial in the treatment of tuberculosis, and calcium therapy with or without vitamin D was used before specific chemotherapy became available (18). More recent reports have associated low or disturbed serum vitamin D levels with increased susceptibility to tuberculosis (13,18,20,51), and this is supported by genetic linkage studies of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism that indicate an association between the VDR and susceptibility or resistance to tuberculosis (5,44,45,51).The active component of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25-D 3 ) acts exclusively via its specific nuclear receptor (49), and therefore the distribution of the VDR within the immune system provides information on the active sites of this steroid hormone. The VDR is constitutively expressed in human peripheral monocytes but can be induced in activated lymphocytes (6,36). VDR expression in both monocytes and T cells can be further up-regulated by exposure to 1,25-D 3 .

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“…M. ulcerans lesions with granulomas expressed significantly higher mRNA levels of IFN-␥, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-15, IL-8, IL-1␤, and TNF-␣ compared with those of lesions with no granulomas, suggesting the importance of these cytokines for containment of the disease. Expression of most of these cytokines has been associated with granuloma formation in tuberculosis and leprosy (2,9,10,23,39). Interleukin-1␤ was important in the early recruitment stages of granuloma formation, while TNF-␣ may take part in later maintenance or effector functions of granulomas (26,33).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine mRNA Expression inMycobacteriam ulcerans-Infected Human Skin and Correlation with Local Inflammatory Response

et al. 2006

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Cytokine mRNA expression in biopsies of Mycobacterium ulcerans-infected human tissue was investigated using real-time PCR, and the findings were correlated with the clinical stages of disease and histopathologies. A broad range of cytokine mRNAs were detected in 16 early nodules and 28 late-stage ulcers, including those for the Th1 cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) and gamma interferon (IFN-␥) and the Th2 cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). IFN-␥ was strongly expressed in both nodules and ulcers, suggesting that a Th1 response begins early in the disease. There was a significantly higher expression of IL-8 and other proinflammatory cytokines in results from 32 biopsies with neutrophilia than in those from 12 biopsies without acute inflammation. Ten tissue samples containing granulomas showed high mRNA expression for IFN-␥, IL-1␤, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-15, and TNF-␣ relative to 34 tissue samples without granulomas. These results suggest that the human immune response to M. ulcerans is similar to that seen with some other mycobacteria despite the presence of the toxin mycolactone in the tissues.

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Expression of transforming growth factor-β but not tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-4 in granulomatous lung lesions in tuberculosis

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

Changes in the Levels of Interferon-γ and Transforming Growth Factor-β Influence Bronchial Stenosis during the Treatment of Endobronchial Tuberculosis

Changes in the Levels of Interferon-γ and Transforming Growth Factor-β Influence Bronchial Stenosis during the Treatment of Endobronchial Tuberculosis

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D ₃ and Development of Tuberculosis in Cattle

Cytokine mRNA Expression inMycobacteriam ulcerans-Infected Human Skin and Correlation with Local Inflammatory Response

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Expression of transforming growth factor-β but not tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-4 in granulomatous lung lesions in tuberculosis

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

Changes in the Levels of Interferon-γ and Transforming Growth Factor-β Influence Bronchial Stenosis during the Treatment of Endobronchial Tuberculosis

Changes in the Levels of Interferon-γ and Transforming Growth Factor-β Influence Bronchial Stenosis during the Treatment of Endobronchial Tuberculosis

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and Development of Tuberculosis in Cattle

Cytokine mRNA Expression inMycobacteriam ulcerans-Infected Human Skin and Correlation with Local Inflammatory Response

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1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D ₃ and Development of Tuberculosis in Cattle