Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β 1, -β 2, and -β 3 in Human Developing Teeth: Immunolocalization According to the Odontogenesis Phases

Abstract

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional growth factor that has several biological effects in vivo, including control of cell growth and differentiation, cell migration, lineage determination, motility, adhesion, apoptosis, and synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix, and TGF-beta plays an important role in regulating tissue repair and regeneration. Our study analyzed the participation of TGF-beta 1, -beta 2, and -beta 3 in the different stages of morphogenesis and differentiation of human developing dental organ using immunohistochemistry. The maxillae and mandibles of 10 human embryos ranging from 8 to 23 weeks of gestation were employed, according to the approval of the ethical committee. Our study revealed that the TGF-beta subunits-beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3-were present in the various stages of tooth development, but the expression varied according to the differentiation stage, tissue, and TGF-beta subunit. Our results indicated that TGF-beta 1 is closely related to differentiation of enamel organ and initiation of matrix secretion, TGF-beta 2 to cellular differentiation, and TGF-beta 3 to mineral maturation matrix.

TGF‐beta1 and TGFBR1 are Expressed in Ameloblasts and Promote MMP20 Expression

“…In our study, the elevated expression of TGF‐beta1 and TGFBR1 in secreting ameloblasts suggests that TGF‐beta signaling plays a key role in synthesis of enamel proteins and provides the basis for an increasing autocrine effect of local TGF‐beta1 on enamel organ development (Nagano et al, 2006). Our study is in agreement with previous reports that TGF‐beta1 is expressed during differentiation of enamel organ and initiation of matrix secretion in human teeth (Sassá Benedete et al, 2008).…”

Genes Regulating Immune Response and Amelogenesis Interact in Increasing the Susceptibility to Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization

“…There is transient expression of TGF-β during the early secretory phase in abnormal matrix secretion and altered mineral deposition in a shape resembling cysts, and these alterations are responsible for the development of enamel defects [Haruyama et al, 2006]. Although members of the TGF-β family are not constitutive enamel proteins, TGF-β receptor 1 (TGFB-R1) is expressed during different phases of enamel organ differentiation and during the early secretory phase [Gao et al, 2009;Sassa Benedete et al, 2008]. Since we observed that the polymorphism in the TGFBR1 gene was associated with severe MIH, it reinforces the evidence that TGF-β may play an important role during dental enamel formation, including development of the enamel organ [Gao et al, 2009;Klopcic et al, 2007;Sassa Benedete et al, 2008;Zhao et al, 2008].…”

“…Although members of the TGF-β family are not constitutive enamel proteins, TGF-β receptor 1 (TGFB-R1) is expressed during different phases of enamel organ differentiation and during the early secretory phase [Gao et al, 2009;Sassa Benedete et al, 2008]. Since we observed that the polymorphism in the TGFBR1 gene was associated with severe MIH, it reinforces the evidence that TGF-β may play an important role during dental enamel formation, including development of the enamel organ [Gao et al, 2009;Klopcic et al, 2007;Sassa Benedete et al, 2008;Zhao et al, 2008]. Altogether, these results suggest that polymorphisms on the TGFBR1 gene may also influence enamel maturation, since both TGF-β and TGFB-R1 are expressed during amelogenesis [Gao et al, 2009] and therefore may contribute to MIH development.…”

Comparative Secretome Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Dental Apical Papilla and Bone Marrow During Early Odonto/Osteogenic Differentiation: Potential Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β2

“…TGFβ1 predominates among the TGFβ isoforms that have been identified in dentin and bone (Seyedin et al, 1985;Cassidy et al, 1997). TGFβ1 is expressed in dental epithelia and in the mesenchyme at the bud and cap stages and has also been detected in developing teeth from the initiation stage through adulthood (Benedete et al, 2008;Huang and Chai, 2010;Li and Pan, 2017). TGFβ2 expression has been detected in the dental papilla and preodontoblasts but not in the dental epithelium (Benedete et al, 2008;Huang and Chai, 2010).…”

“…TGFβ1 is expressed in dental epithelia and in the mesenchyme at the bud and cap stages and has also been detected in developing teeth from the initiation stage through adulthood (Benedete et al, 2008;Huang and Chai, 2010;Li and Pan, 2017). TGFβ2 expression has been detected in the dental papilla and preodontoblasts but not in the dental epithelium (Benedete et al, 2008;Huang and Chai, 2010). In the tooth germ of a 6-month-old permanent incisor in a porcine species, TGFβ1 mRNA was predominantly detected in odontoblasts, whereas TGFβ2 mRNA was identified at high levels in the dental pulp tip (Niwa et al, 2018).…”