Expression of Very Late Antigen-4 and Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Patients with Graves Disease

l‐selectin gene polymorphisms in Graves' disease

“…Our findings also raised the question as to what pathological mechanism may underlie the predisposition to the development of GD by variants of the l ‐selectin gene. Previous studies showed an increased percentage of lymphocytes expressing l ‐selectin in children and adults with untreated GD 25,26,32 . Hara et al .…”

Lymphocytes in peripheral blood and thyroid tissue in children with Graves’ disease

“…[7] Two molecular complexes VLA-4/VCAM-1 and LFA-1 ICAM -1,-2,-3 regulate adhesion and migration of lymphocytes and monocytes through the vascular wall, similarly to L-selectin (CD62L), which is expressed mainly on lymphocytes and neutrophils and plays the main role in homing T-cells into lymphoid organs and to the area of the local infl ammation. [15][16][17][18] Bossowski et al [5] described the decrease in beta 1 and beta 2 integrins in peripheral blood of patients with GD, probably associated with the increased migration of lymphocytes with these surface antigens into the thyroid gland. After the appearance of antithyroid autoantibodies in the circulation, T and B cells start to infi ltrate into the thyroid and at the same time there is a remarkably sharp increase in the number of thyroid dendritic cells.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] The latest research has been focused on examining the processes of regulation of autoimmunological reactions in this disease by estimating lymphocytes, adhesion protein and cytokine subpopulation in peripheral blood before and during hyperthyroidism treatment. [1,5,6] It is known that probably for environmental or endogenous reasons, GD may develop in genetically predisposed individuals. When immune tolerance to thyroid antigens is broken, endothelial cells of regional postcapillary venules are activated, allowing extravasation of blood leukocytes.…”