Expression of vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes in human adipose tissue—the effect of obesity and diet-induced weight loss

Wamberg, Louise; Christiansen, T.; Paulsen, Søren K.; Fisker, Sanne; Rask, Peter; Rejnmark, Lars; Richelsen, Bjørn; Pedersen, Steen B.

doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.112

Cited by 218 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, several confounding factors have not been controlled for in the available data. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy contributes to both the risk of gestational diabetes and low maternal vitamin D levels, as this vitamin is fat soluble and migrates from the blood to fat tissue (47). In addition, higher levels of VDBP in obese patients are associated with a reduced fraction of the bioactive, unbound 15(OH)D (48).…”

Section: Vitamin D Supplementation and Gestational Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Pérez‐López

Pasupuleti

Mezones‐Holguín

et al. 2015

Fertility and Sterility

275

205

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Section: Vitamin D Supplementation and Gestational Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Pérez‐López

Pasupuleti

Mezones‐Holguín

et al. 2015

Fertility and Sterility

275

205

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“…The production of 1,25(OH) 2 D from 25(OH)D was then confirmed by Ching et al (44) and Nimitphong et al (45) . CYP27B1 expression has also been detected in murine adipocytes (43) and in human adipose tissue biopsies (38) . (40) .…”

Section: Proceedings Of the Nutrition Societymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The presence of VDR in adipose tissue was first reported in the early 1990s (52) and has since been widely confirmed. Interestingly, it was recently found that VDR expression is increased in obese compared with lean subjects (38,53) , but the physiological relevance of this up-regulation has not yet been elucidated.…”

Section: Vitamin D Signallingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D modulates adipose tissue biology: possible consequences for obesity?

et al. 2015

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Cross-sectional studies depict an inverse relationship between vitamin D (VD) status reflected by plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and obesity. Furthermore, recent studies in vitro and in animal models tend to demonstrate an impact of VD and VD receptor on adipose tissue and adipocyte biology, pointing to at least a part-causal role of VD insufficiency in obesity and associated physiopathological disorders such as adipose tissue inflammation and subsequent insulin resistance. However, clinical and genetic studies are far less convincing, with highly contrasted results ruling out solid conclusions for the moment. Nevertheless, prospective studies provide interesting data supporting the hypothesis of a preventive role of VD in onset of obesity. The aim of this review is to summarise the available data on relationships between VD, adipose tissue/adipocyte physiology, and obesity in order to reveal the next key points that need to be addressed before we can gain deeper insight into the controversial VD-obesity relationship.Adipose tissue: Vitamin D: Obesity: Inflammation: Adipocytes: Nutrients: Nutrition Vitamin D: a brief overview Vitamin D (VD; calciferol) is a hormone mainly described for its role as a regulator of phosphate and calcium homeostasis (1) . It can be obtained through animal (VD 3 , cholecalciferol) or plant (VD 2 , ergocalciferol) food sources. Only a few foodstuffs contain significant amounts of VD, the main sources being fish liver oils, fatty fish (sardines, herring and mackerel) and egg yolk (2,3) , but small quantities are also found in fortified milk, orange juice, bread and cereals. Alternatively, VD 3 is produced endogenously in the skin after UVB irradiation from the precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol to give pre-VD 3 , which is further isomerised to VD 3 before being released into the circulation (4) . Classical estimates have assigned a majority (70-90 %) of VD supply to dermal synthesis, but a recent paper revised this figure down to just 10-25 % of VD supply (5) and posited that dietary intake of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) is a significant contributor to total VD input.Adipose tissue is a major storage site for vitamin D Despite limited data, it is widely accepted that adipose tissue is a reservoir for VD in human subjects and rats (6)(7)(8)(9)(10) . Interestingly, visceral fat was found to contain 20 % more VD than subcutaneous fat (11) . Heaney et al. (12) calculated that 65 % of total VD in the body is in the form of D 3 , for which adipose tissue and skeletal muscle appear to be the main body stores (accounting for 73 and 16 %, respectively).

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“…Several weight loss/diet interventions have measured vitamin D before and after weight loss (see Table 4). Recently, Wamberg et al 32 observed a 27 % increase in 25OHD levels after 11 % weight loss and found the relative change in 25OHD levels correlated with relative weight loss. Another study found a similar increase in 25OHD levels (31 %) following 16 weeks of dietary support (14 % weight and 24 % fat mass loss) and there was a strong correlation between change in 25OHD levels and weight loss and a smaller but still significant correlation with fat mass changes.…”

Section: Do 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels Change With Weight Loss?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Vitamin D on Weight Loss

Thomson¹

2013

US Endocrinology

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Along with the increased prevalence of obesity, the incidence of vitamin D deficiency is rising with 10-60 % of adults having values lower than 20 ng/ml. 1,2 Serum or plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is the most widely accepted measure of vitamin D status (deficiency <20 ng/ml, insufficiency 20-29 ng/ml, and sufficiency >30 ng/ml). Many studies haveshown it is inversely associated with measures of obesity and that obese participants have lower suboptimal 25OHD levels compared with healthy weight participants. Adipose tissue sequesters the fat-soluble vitamin and this leads to lower levels in obese populations. It is also thought that obese people may spend less time outdoors, or expose less skin to the sun, which may lead to reduced synthesis of vitamin D.There has been increasing interest regarding the relationship between vitamin D, obesity, and weight loss, and this article will examine several aspects of this relationship, specifically looking at the effects of vitamin Table 1), although all were not specifically designed to analyze this. A secondary finding from a randomized controlled trial in men with impaired glucose tolerance designed to investigate glucose and lipid metabolism found a small but significantly greater weight reduction of 1.3 % using low-dose vitamin D compared with the placebo group with no weight loss after 3 months. 9 Interestingly, 25OHD levels significantly increased in both groups, but there was a greater increase in placebo, although not reported as significant (14 % versus 39 %); consequently, it is difficult to conclude if the greater weight reduction was due to the low dose supplementation despite greater increase in placebo, which suggests a possible seasonal impact.Following on from that study, the investigators conducted a longer uncontrolled study at a higher dose in 14 middle aged men with impaired glucose tolerance to investigate the effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.Again, they found a small 1.1 % reduction in weight after supplementation for 18 months. 10 25OHD levels were only measured after treatment and 6 months later so the study was unable to report if the low-dose supplementation increased 25OHD levels. Six months after supplementation 25OHD levels increased 37 %, 10 suggesting a seasonal effect, which is likely since the study started and finished in the Fall. AbstractThe incidence of vitamin D deficiency is increasing and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels, which are inversely associated with measures of obesity, are lower in overweight and obese populations. There have been several studies that have investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on weight loss, and studies combining weight loss interventions with increased vitamin D intake, either through supplementation or foods fortified with vitamin D. 25OHD levels have also been measured before and after weight loss to see if they improve and if the changes in 25OHD levels are related to the degree of weight loss. Some studies have suggested that vitamin D status is associated wit...

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Expression of vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes in human adipose tissue—the effect of obesity and diet-induced weight loss

Cited by 218 publications

References 56 publications

Effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Vitamin D modulates adipose tissue biology: possible consequences for obesity?

The Impact of Vitamin D on Weight Loss

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