Expression of α‐cardiac and α‐skeletal actin mRNAs in relation to innervation in regenerating and non‐regenerating rat skeletal muscles

Toyofuku, Toshihiko; Hoffman, John R.; Zak, Radovan; Carlson, Bruce M.

doi:10.1002/aja.1001930406

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Embryonic and perinatal myosin heavy chains (MYH3 and MYH8) are developmental isoforms of skeletal muscle myosin heavy chains; their expression is a hallmark of muscle regeneration after birth and a hallmark of muscular dystrophies. Like MYH3 and MYH8, ␣-cardiac actin is overexpressed in DMD muscle and is also a specific isoform that is transiently expressed during muscle development and regeneration (23,33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression comparison of biopsies from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and normal skeletal muscle

Haslett

Sanoudou

Kho

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

326

282

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The primary cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a mutation in the dystrophin gene leading to the absence of the corresponding RNA transcript and protein. Absence of dystrophin leads to disruption of the dystrophin-associated protein complex and substantial changes in skeletal muscle pathology. Although the histological pathology of dystrophic tissue has been well documented, the underlying molecular pathways remain poorly understood. To examine the pathogenic pathways and identify new or modifying factors involved in muscular dystrophy, expression microarrays were used to compare individual gene expression profiles of skeletal muscle biopsies from 12 DMD patients and 12 unaffected control patients. Two separate statistical analysis methods were used to interpret the resulting data: t test analysis to determine the statistical significance of differential expression and geometric fold change analysis to determine the extent of differential expression. These analyses identified 105 genes that differ significantly in expression level between unaffected and DMD muscle. Many of the differentially expressed genes reflect changes in histological pathology. For instance, immune response signals and extracellular matrix genes are overexpressed in DMD muscle, an indication of the infiltration of inflammatory cells and connective tissue. Significantly more genes are overexpressed than are underexpressed in dystrophic muscle, with dystrophin underexpressed, whereas other genes encoding muscle structure and regeneration processes are overexpressed, reflecting the regenerative nature of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression comparison of biopsies from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and normal skeletal muscle

Haslett

Sanoudou

Kho

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

326

282

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“…6c). The exact onset and mechanism of CAA synthesis during early skeletal muscle regeneration remains to be elucidated (for a relevant in vitro culture study, see [4]; for a study at the mRNA level in rats, see [86]). …”

Section: Induction Of Caa Synthesis In Pathologically Altered Skeletamentioning

confidence: 99%

The cardiac isoform of α-actin in regenerating and atrophic skeletal muscle, myopathies and rhabdomyomatous tumors: an immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies

et al. 2006

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The cardiac isoform of α-actin in regenerating and atrophic skeletal muscle, myopathies and rhabdomyomatous tumors: an immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies Abstract The two sarcomeric isoforms of actins, cardiac and skeletal muscle α-actin, are highly homologous so that their immunohistochemical distinction is extremely difficult. Taking advantage of monoclonal antibodies distinguishing the two conservative amino acid exchanges near the aminoterminus, we have performed an extended immunohistochemical analysis of the cardiac α-actin (CAA) isoform in normal, regenerating, diseased and neoplastic human muscle tissues. Intense and uniform CAA staining is seen in fetal and adult myocardium and in fetal skeletal muscle while adult skeletal muscle is essentially negative, except for muscle spindle myocytes and a few scattered muscle fibres with overall reduced diameter. By contrast, CAA synthesis is markedly induced in regenerating skeletal muscle cells, in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and upon degenerative atrophy. CAA has also been detected in certain vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells. Among tumors, CAA has consistently been seen in rhabdomyosarcomas and rhabdomyomatous cells of nephroblastomas, whereas, smooth muscle tumors have shown only occasional staining. While the synthesis of this actin isoform is less restricted than previously thought, monoclonal antibodies against CAA provide a welldefined, reliable and sensitive diagnostic tool for the definition and detection of aberrant differentiation in diseased skeletal muscle and of striated muscle differentiation in rhabdomyosarcomas.

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“…As a result of studies such as those described above, the concept of an "embryonic program" of muscle gene expression has emerged. This term is used to describe the presence in developing and regenerating muscle of MLCl,, TnT,, MHC,,,, a-cardiac actin, and other isoforms that do not occur in adult skeletal muscle (e.g., Matsuda et al, 1983;Briggs et al, 1990;Saggin et al, 1990;Toyofuku et al, 1992). Our analysis shows that a differentiation program exists which consists of expression of not only these "embryonic" isoforms, but also the expression of certain skeletal muscle-specific isoforms in a nonrandom pattern.…”

Section: How Common Is the Program To Skeletal Muscle Differentiation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a program of contractile protein gene expression initiated upon skeletal muscle differentiation

Sutherland

Esser

Elsom

et al. 1993

Developmental Dynamics

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The functional diversity of skeletal muscle is largely determined by the combinations of contractile protein isoforms that are expressed in different fibers. Just how the developmental expression of this large array of genes is regulated to give functional phenotypes is thus of great interest. In the present study, we perform a comprehensive analysis of contractile protein isoform mRNA profiles in skeletal muscle systems representing each generation of fiber formed: primary, secondary, and regenerating fibers. We find that in each system examined there is a common pattern of isoform gene expression during early differentiation for 5 of the 6 gene families we have investigated: myosin light chain (MLCI1, MLC2, tropomyosin, troponin (Tn)C, and TnI. We suggest that the common isoform patterns observed together represent a genetic program of skeletal muscle differentiation that is independent of the mature fiber phenotype and is found in all newly formed myotubes. Within each of these contractile protein gene families the program is independent of the isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MHC) expressed. The maintenance of such a program may reflect a specific requirement of the initial differentiation process. 0 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Expression of α‐cardiac and α‐skeletal actin mRNAs in relation to innervation in regenerating and non‐regenerating rat skeletal muscles

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Gene expression comparison of biopsies from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and normal skeletal muscle

Gene expression comparison of biopsies from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and normal skeletal muscle

The cardiac isoform of α-actin in regenerating and atrophic skeletal muscle, myopathies and rhabdomyomatous tumors: an immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies

Identification of a program of contractile protein gene expression initiated upon skeletal muscle differentiation

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