Expression patterns of four different regulatory genes that function during sea urchin development

Minokawa, Takuya; Rast, Jonathan P.; Arenas-Mena, César; Franco, Christopher B.; Davidson, Eric H.

doi:10.1016/j.modgep.2004.01.009

Cited by 137 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled RNA probes were prepared as described (30). A DIG-labeled HesC probe was transcribed from the HesC cDNA clone yde51c06 (CX199264; from a S. purpuratus EST library) kindly provided by James Coffman (Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A missing link in the sea urchin embryo gene regulatory network: hesC and the double-negative specification of micromeres

Revilla-i-Domingo

Oliveri

Davidson

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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136

177

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Specification of sea urchin embryo micromeres occurs early in cleavage, with the establishment of a well defined regulatory state. The architecture of the gene regulatory network controlling the specification process indicates that transcription of the initial tier of control genes depends on a double-negative gate. A gene encoding a transcriptional repressor, pmar1, is activated specifically in micromeres, where it represses transcription of a second repressor that is otherwise active globally. Thus, the micromerespecific control genes, which are the target of the second repressor, are expressed exclusively in this lineage. The double-negative specification gate was logically required from the results of numerous prior experiments, but the identity of the gene encoding the second repressor remained elusive. Here we show that hesC is this gene, and we demonstrate experimentally all of its predicted functions, including global repression of micromere-specific regulatory genes. As logically required, blockade of hesC mRNA translation and global overexpression of pmar1 mRNA have the same effect, which is to cause all of the cells of the embryo to express micromere-specific genes.skeletogenic micromeres ͉ transcriptional repression

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A missing link in the sea urchin embryo gene regulatory network: hesC and the double-negative specification of micromeres

Revilla-i-Domingo

Oliveri

Davidson

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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136

177

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“…9 WMISH was performed according to the method of Minokawa et al (2004) for par6 or to that of Hibino et al (2004) for sm30, p16, and apkc. Digoxygenin (DIG)-labeled probes were transcribed using DIG-labeling mix (Roche) from Hp-apkc, par6 (Shiomi and Yamaguchi 2008), sm30 (Kitajima et al 1996), and Hp-p16 cDNAs (this study).…”

Section: Whole-mount In Situ Hybridization (Wmish)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Par6 regulates skeletogenesis and gut differentiation in sea urchin larvae

et al. 2012

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Partitioning-defective (par) genes were originally identified as genes that are essential for the asymmetric division of the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote. Studies have since revealed that the gene products are part of an evolutionarily conserved PAR-aPKC system involved in cell polarity in various biological contexts.In this study, we analyzed the function of par6 during sea urchin morphogenesis by morpholino-mediated knockdown and by manipulation swapping of the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). Loss of Par6 resulted in defects in skeletogenesis and gut differentiation in larvae. Phenotypic analyses of chimeras constructed by PMC swapping showed that Par6 in non-PMCs is required for differentiation of archenteron into functional gut. In contrast, Par6 in both PMCs and ectodermal cells cooperatively regulates skeletogenesis. We suggest that Par6 in PMCs plays an immediate role in the deposition of biomineral in the syncytial cable, whereas Par6 in ectoderm may stabilize skeletal rods via an unknown signal(s).4

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“…WMISH was performed as originally described by Arenas-Mena et al (2000) and modified by Minokawa et al (2004). For probe preparation, plasmids containing the HpNanos (Fujii et al, 2006) or HpTb genes (Fuchikami et al, 2002), which have been previously described, were used.…”

Section: Wmishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the nanos homolog during sea urchin development

Fujii

Sakamoto

Ochiai

et al. 2009

Developmental Dynamics

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The nanos genes play important roles in the development of primordial germ cells in animal species. In the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, small micromere descendants specifically express HpNanos mRNA and this expression continues in the left coelomic pouch, which produces the major component of the adult rudiment. In this study, we showed that morpholino knockdown of HpNanos resulted in a delay of primary mesenchyme cell ingression and a decrease in the number of cells comprising the left coelomic pouch. Knockdown analysis in chimeras and whole embryos revealed the disappearance of small micromere descendants from the archenteron tip. Furthermore, the expression of HpNanos mRNA was induced in other cell lineages in the HpNanos-knockdown and micromere-deleted embryos. Taken together, our results suggest that HpNanos is involved in the inductive interaction of small micromere descendants with other cell lineages, and that HpNanos is required for the survival of small micromere descendants. Developmental Dynamics 238:2511-2521, 2009.

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Expression patterns of four different regulatory genes that function during sea urchin development

Cited by 137 publications

References 19 publications

A missing link in the sea urchin embryo gene regulatory network: hesC and the double-negative specification of micromeres

A missing link in the sea urchin embryo gene regulatory network: hesC and the double-negative specification of micromeres

Par6 regulates skeletogenesis and gut differentiation in sea urchin larvae

Role of the nanos homolog during sea urchin development

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