Expression profile of microRNAs related with viral infectivity, inflammatory response, and immune activation in people living with HIV

Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate the serum expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) with ability to modulate the human immunodeficiency (HIV) replication or inflammatory status in people living with HIV (PLWH).MethodsForty healthy controls and two groups of PLWH were evaluated: (a) Group 1 (n = 30), patients with detectable viral load at inclusion, analyzed before receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 12 months after initiating it; (b) Group 2 (n = 55), PLWH with prolonged undetectable viral load. Intestinal barrier disruption (I-FABP) and bacterial translocation (16S rDNA) markers, inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL)-6 and sCD163, immune activation and expression of specific miRNAs were evaluated.ResultsSerum concentrations of I-FABP, 16S rDNA, IL-6, sCD163 and activated T lymphocytes were increased in PLWH. Serum miR-34a was overexpressed at inclusion and remained elevated after ART. The expression of the remaining miRNAs that modulate HIV infectivity (miR-7, mir-29a, miR-150, and miR-223) was similar in PLWH and controls. Related to miRNAs implicated in inflammation (miR-21, miR-155, and miR-210), significant overexpression were observed in miR-21 and miR-210 levels in untreated PLWH, but levels were restored in those patients treated for a long period.ConclusionA sustained overexpression of miR-34a was detected even after prolonged HIV controlled replication. miR-21 and miR-210 can be considered new markers of inflammation with high sensitivity to its modifications.

Human and Viral microRNA Expression in Acute and Chronic HIV Infections

“…Starting from these data, a functional analysis of the possible involved biological process implied by the expression of these miRNAs was undertaken. Most previous studies focused on PWLH considered only pre-determined sets of miRNAs: for example, Cuesta-Sancho et al studied a few human miRNAs chosen from the literature, and Biswas et al used a commercially pre-formed array of 372 human miRNAs [ 21 , 22 ]. In our study, the NGS approach, which is able to detect any possible miRNA recognizable by an updated database with a very high sensitivity, highlighted that the six most represented miRNAs, representing 31.2% and 33.1% of the total miRNA reads in the plasma samples of AHI and CHI, respectively, were the same among the two groups.…”