Expression, regulation and biological actions of growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin in the immune system

Hattori, Naoki

doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2008.12.001

Cited by 186 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…Obesity is associated with a change in adipokine profiles including an increase in leptin which plays a proinflammatory role, and lowered ghrelin which is anti‐inflammatory. These adipokines play varied role in thymic maturation, T‐cell proliferation, development of memory cells and cytokine production,17, 28, 29, 30, 31 all mechanisms which are purported to play a role in pediatric‐onset MS 32, 33, 34, 35…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct effects of obesity and puberty on risk and age at onset of pediatric MS

Chitnis

Graves

Weinstock‐Guttman

et al. 2016

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the relative contributions of body mass index (BMI) and pubertal measures for risk and age of onset of pediatric MS.MethodsCase–control study of 254 (63% female) MS cases (onset<18 years of age) and 420 (49% female) controls conducted at 14 U.S. Pediatric MS Centers. Sex‐ and age‐stratified BMI percentiles were calculated using CDC growth charts from height and weight measured at enrollment for controls, and within 1 year of onset for MS cases. Sex‐stratified associations between MS risk and age at symptom onset with both BMI and pubertal factors were estimated controlling for race and ethnicity.ResultsOnly 11% of girls and 15% of boys were prepubertal (Tanner stage I) at MS onset. 80% of girls had onset of MS after menarche. BMI percentiles were higher in MS cases versus controls (girls: P < 0.001; boys: P = 0.018). BMI was associated with odds of MS in multivariate models in postpubertal girls (OR = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12, 2.27, P = 0.009) and boys (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.88, P = 0.011). In girls with MS onset after menarche, higher BMI was associated with younger age at first symptoms (P = 0.031). Younger menarche was associated with stronger effects of BMI through mediation and interaction analysis. In pubertal/postpubertal boys, 89% of whom were obese/overweight, earlier sexual maturity was associated with earlier onset of MS (P < 0.001).InterpretationHigher BMI in early adolescence is a risk factor for MS in girls and boys. Earlier age at sexual maturity contributes to earlier age at MS onset, particularly in association with obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct effects of obesity and puberty on risk and age at onset of pediatric MS

Chitnis

Graves

Weinstock‐Guttman

et al. 2016

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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“…An increasing amount of data has supported a connection between the innate immune system and the activity of the GH/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) axis (1,2,3,4). The vast majority of clinical and experimental studies have focused on stages with increased inflammation where it seems that chronic inflammation suppresses the GH/IGF1 axis (2,5,6,7,8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vast majority of clinical and experimental studies have focused on stages with increased inflammation where it seems that chronic inflammation suppresses the GH/IGF1 axis (2,5,6,7,8,9). In addition, more recent observations have demonstrated that the relationship may be bidirectional, with GH/IGF1 activity influencing inflammatory processes (3,10,11). However, the association seems complicated as data obtained from in vivo and in vitro studies have been supporting pro-inflammatory (3,12,13) as well as anti-inflammatory effects of GH and IGF1 (3,13,14,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, more recent observations have demonstrated that the relationship may be bidirectional, with GH/IGF1 activity influencing inflammatory processes (3,10,11). However, the association seems complicated as data obtained from in vivo and in vitro studies have been supporting pro-inflammatory (3,12,13) as well as anti-inflammatory effects of GH and IGF1 (3,13,14,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GH activity and markers of inflammation: a crossover study in healthy volunteers treated with GH and a GH receptor antagonist

Andreassen

Frystyk

Faber

et al. 2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Introduction: The GH/IGF1 axis may modulate inflammatory processes. However, the relationship seems complicated as both pro-and anti-inflammatory effects have been demonstrated. Methods/design: Twelve healthy volunteers (mean age 36, range 27-49 years) were treated in random order with increasing doses of GH for 3 weeks (first week 0.01 mg/kg per day, second week 0.02 mg/kg per day, and third week 0.03 mg/kg per day) or a GH receptor antagonist (pegvisomant; first week 10 mg/day and last two weeks 15 mg/day), separated by 8 weeks of washout. Circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa (TNFA)), interleukin 6 (IL6), and IL1b (IL1B) and the acute phase proteins (APPs) C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, orosomucoid, YKL40 (CHI3L1), and fibrinogen were measured. Conclusions: GH/IGF1 action appears to modulate the initial stage of the inflammatory response as well as downstream processes elucidated by levels of APPs. The data suggest a complicated relationship not allowing any simple conclusions as to whether GH/IGF1 actions have mainly pro-or antiinflammatory effects in vivo.

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“…Immune and neuroendocrine systems have bidirectional communications (Kelley et al, 2007;Berczi et al, 2009). Growth hormone and ghrelin are expressed in immune cells, which in turn bear receptors for these hormones (Hattori, 2009). Leptin, ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, and cytokines regulate both thymopoiesis and maintenance of T cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enlarging List of Phenotypic Characteristics That Might Allow the Clinical Identification of Families at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes

Matteucci¹,

Giampietro²

2011

Type 1 Diabetes - Complications, Pathogenesis, and Alternative Treatments

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Expression, regulation and biological actions of growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin in the immune system

Cited by 186 publications

References 175 publications

Distinct effects of obesity and puberty on risk and age at onset of pediatric MS

Distinct effects of obesity and puberty on risk and age at onset of pediatric MS

GH activity and markers of inflammation: a crossover study in healthy volunteers treated with GH and a GH receptor antagonist

The Enlarging List of Phenotypic Characteristics That Might Allow the Clinical Identification of Families at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes

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