Expression, regulation, and function of exosome‐derived miRNAs in cancer progression and therapy

Li, Bowen; Cao, Yu; Sun, Mingjun; Feng, Hui

doi:10.1096/fj.202100294rr

Cited by 139 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(257 reference statements)

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“…In the mouse model, compared with the use of liposomes, exosomes are able to enter cells more effectively with less immune clearance in vivo ( Ferguson and Nguyen, 2016 ; Barile and Vassalli, 2017 ; Liao et al, 2019 ). Exosomes play an important role in cardiovascular function regulation and cardiovascular and cancer therapy ( Li et al, 2021a ; Lim, 2021 ; Nasser et al, 2021 ; Robson, 2021 ). With the development of technology, artificial exosomes have been used to deliver various nanomedicines ( Li et al, 2021b ).…”

Section: Exosomementioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia Polarization: A Novel Target of Exosome for Stroke Treatment

Wan

Zhao

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The vast majority of cells in the human body are capable of secreting exosomes. Exosomes have become an important vehicle for signaling between cells. Exosomes secreted by different cells have some of the structural and functional properties of that cell and thus have different regulatory functions. A large number of recent experimental studies have shown that exosomes from different sources have different regulatory effects on stroke, and the mechanisms still need to be elucidated. Microglia are core members of central intrinsic immune regulatory cells, which play an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis and progression of stroke. M1 microglia cause neuroinflammation and induce neurotoxic effects, while M2 microglia inhibit neuroinflammation and promote neurogenesis, thus exerting a series of neuroprotective effects. It was found that there is a close link between exosomes and microglia polarization, and that exosome inclusions such as microRNAs play a regulatory role in the M1/M2 polarization of microglia. This research reviews the role of exosomes in the regulation of microglia polarization and reveals their potential value in stroke treatment.

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Section: Exosomementioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia Polarization: A Novel Target of Exosome for Stroke Treatment

Wan

Zhao

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…In addition to these conventional growth factors and signaling molecules, hypoxia also affects the expression of microRNAs such as miR-21 and miR-210 [ 42 , 43 ]. MicroRNAs are single-stranded non-coding RNAs consisting of 21–24 nucleotides, which have various regulatory roles in cellular functions [ 44 ]. MiR-210 is referred to as “hypoxiamiR”, which is robustly induced by hypoxia in a wide variety of cells [ 43 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Hypoxia On Pancreatic Cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIF-1 and NRF2; Key Molecules for Malignant Phenotypes of Pancreatic Cancer

Hamada

Matsumoto

Masamune

2022

Cancers

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Pancreatic cancer is intractable due to early progression and resistance to conventional therapy. Dense fibrotic stroma, known as desmoplasia, is a characteristic feature of pancreatic cancer, and develops through the interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells, including pancreatic stellate cells. Dense stroma forms harsh tumor microenvironments characterized by hypoxia, few nutrients, and oxidative stress. Pancreatic cancer cells as well as pancreatic stellate cells survive in the harsh microenvironments through the altered expression of signaling molecules, transporters, and metabolic enzymes governed by various stress response mechanisms. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, stress response mechanisms for hypoxia and oxidative stress, respectively, contribute to the aggressive behaviors of pancreatic cancer. These key molecules for stress response mechanisms are activated, both in pancreatic cancer cells and in pancreatic stellate cells. Both factors are involved in the mutual activation of cancer cells and stellate cells, by inducing cancer-promoting signals and their mediators. Therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways are promising approaches for novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the roles of stress response mechanisms, focusing on hypoxia inducible factor-1 and KEAP1-NRF2, in pancreatic cancer. In addition, we discuss the potential of targeting these molecules for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

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“…MicroRNAs consist of 21–24 nucleotides. These single-stranded non-coding RNAs regulate mRNA translation and affect cellular functions ( Li et al, 2021a ). The activation of PSCs by hydrogen peroxide was reversed by resveratrol, an antioxidant.…”

Section: Metabolic Alterations In Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic Stellate Cells and Metabolic Alteration: Physiology and Pathophysiology

2022

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Pancreatic stellate cells play a pivotal role in the development of pancreatic fibrosis. A wide variety of external stimuli can cause PSC activation accompanied by metabolic changes, which alters the tissue microenvironment by producing extracellular matrix proteins, cytokines, growth factors, and other mediators. Several metabolites aggravate fibrosis and inflammation by acting as key activating factors for PSCs. In other words, PSCs sense systemic metabolic changes. The detrimental effects of PSC activation on normal pancreatic cells, especially islet cells, further complicate metabolic imbalance through the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. PSC activation promotes cancer by altering the metabolism in pancreatic cancer cells, which collaborate with PSCs to efficiently adapt to environmental changes, promoting their growth and survival. This collaboration also contributes to the acquisition of chemoresistance. PSCs sequester chemotherapeutic agents and produce competing molecules as additional resistance mechanisms. The application of these metabolic targets for novel therapeutic strategies is currently being explored. This mini-review summarizes the role of PSCs in metabolic regulation of normal and cancerous cells.

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Expression, regulation, and function of exosome‐derived miRNAs in cancer progression and therapy

Cited by 139 publications

References 119 publications

Microglia Polarization: A Novel Target of Exosome for Stroke Treatment

Microglia Polarization: A Novel Target of Exosome for Stroke Treatment

HIF-1 and NRF2; Key Molecules for Malignant Phenotypes of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic Stellate Cells and Metabolic Alteration: Physiology and Pathophysiology

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