Expressional diversity of grapevine 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (VvHMGR) in different grapes genotypes

Abstract

Background 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) is a key enzyme in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, which regulates the metabolism of terpenoids in the cytoplasm and determines the type and content of downstream terpenoid metabolites. Results Results showed that grapevine HMGR family has three members, such as VvHMGR1, VvHMGR2, and VvHMGR3. The expression of VvHMGRs in 'Kyoho' has tissue specificity, for example, VvHMGR1 keeps a higher expression, VvHMGR2 is the lowest, and VvHMGR3 gradually decreases as the fruit development. VvHMGR3 is closely related to CsHMGR1 and GmHMGR9 and has collinearity with CsHMGR2 and GmHMGR4. By the prediction of interaction protein, it can interact with HMG-CoA synthase, MVA kinase, FPP/GGPP synthase, diphosphate mevalonate decarboxylase, and participates in the synthesis and metabolism of terpenoids. VvHMGR3 have similar trends in expression with some of the genes of carotenoid biosynthesis and MEP pathways. VvHMGR3 responds to various environmental and phytohormone stimuli, especially salt stress and ultraviolet (UV) treatment. The expression level of VvHMGRs is diverse in grapes of different colors and aroma. VvHMGRs are significantly higher in yellow varieties than that in red varieties, whereas rose-scented varieties showed significantly higher expression than that of strawberry aroma. The expression level is highest in yellow rose-scented varieties, and the lowest in red strawberry scent varieties, especially ‘Summer Black’ and ‘Fujiminori’. Conclusion This study confirms the important role of VvHMGR3 in the process of grape fruit coloring and aroma formation, and provided a new idea to explain the loss of grape aroma and poor coloring during production. There may be an additive effect between color and aroma in the HMGR expression aspect.

Short-Term Test for Toxicogenomic Analysis of Ecotoxic Modes of Action in Lemna minor

“…A previous study by Zheng et al found a light-induced reduction in HMGR activity in grapevine, suggesting a direct or indirect role of HMGR in light sensing, which may also be reflected in our observations. 48 …”

“…A previous study by Zheng et al found a light-induced reduction in HMGR activity in grapevine, suggesting a direct or indirect role of HMGR in light sensing, which may also be reflected in our observations. 48 However, the response to light was impaired, especially by bentazon. The biological processes most strongly regulated by bentazon were cellular response to blue light and the light stimulus, response to red or far-red light, and the blue light signaling pathway.…”

Bacillus cereus Enhanced Medicinal Ingredient Biosynthesis in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Under Different Conditions Based on the Transcriptome and Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis

“…Moreover, the regulatory effect of B. cereus was different under control and salt stress conditions. HMGR acts as the catalyst for the first committed reaction of the mevalonate pathway, which is critical for plant adaptations against harsh environmental conditions ( Zheng et al, 2021 ), so the expression level of HMGR gene was higher by B. cereus under salt stress. Moreover, B. cereus upregulated the expression level of many key genes of G. uralensis in both control and salt stress conditions, but only increased the content of liquiritigenin under the control condition and increased the contents of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid under the salt stress condition.…”

Transcriptome analysis reveals candidate genes related to steroid alkaloid biosynthesis in Fritillaria anhuiensis

“…These results enabled the enhancement of the latex yield of transgenic rubber plants (Jayashree et al, 2018). There are three members of the HMGR gene family ( VvHMGR1 , VvHMGR2 , and VvHMGR3 ) in V. vinifera that show different expression patterns during different developmental stages and in different tissues (Zheng et al, 2021). It has been extensively shown that HMGRs have different regulatory modalities and divergent physiological functions.…”

“…Overexpression of the DXS gene enhances the production of terpenoidal secondary metabolites in homologous as well as heterologous plant systems (Jadaun et al, 2017). In general, at least one copy of HMGR has been identified and isolated in several plants, including Andrographis paniculata , Vitis vinifera , and Pogostemon cablin (Srinath et al, 2020; Zhang et al, 2019; Zheng et al, 2021). Overexpression of the HMGR gene from Hevea brasiliensis in transgenic tobacco plants enhanced the accumulation of total sterols up to six‐fold (Schaller et al, 1995).…”