Expressions of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in endotoxin-induced otitis media with effusion in the rat

Effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on H2O2 induced oxidative and inflammatory responses in human middle ear epithelial cells

“…CAPE also inhibited expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein that had been caused by H 2 O 2 . COX-2 is the main contributor to prostaglandin production in acute and chronic inflammation [21,22]. Taken together, CAPE reduced inflammatory mediators in HMEECs in a time and dose-dependent pattern.…”

Guggulsterone suppresses LPS induced inflammation of human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEEC)

“…Two COX isoforms have been identified, which are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2, and we have previously shown that COX-2, which is responsible for the production of PGs, is differentially expressed in endotoxin-induced OM of the rat [5]. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the induction and inhibition of COX-2 in HMEEC.…”

“…In a previous study, we have shown that COX-2 is differentially expressed in endotoxin-induced OM of the rat [5].…”

Lipopolysaccharide induces proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in experimental otitis media through the prostaglandin D2 receptor (DP)-dependent pathway

“…LPS has been shown to induce the production of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, COX‐1 and COX‐2 in the middle ear, and significant levels of these inflammatory mediators have been found in middle ear effusions in otitis media [18,27,28]. Numerous studies have demonstrated the significance of LPS in the pathogenesis of otitis media.…”