Extended disjoint principal-components regression analysis of SAW vapor sensor-array responses

Zellers, Edward T.; Pan, Tin Su; Patrash, Samuel J.; Han, Mingwei; Batterman, Stuart

doi:10.1016/0925-4005(93)80008-y

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Sensor arrays based on acoustic wave vapor sensors were first reported in studies using TSM devices by Carey and coworkers [224][225][226]; and studies using SAW devices by Grate and coworkers [95,218,220]. The approach continues to be pursued by various investigators [199,218,[227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236] and approaches for designing sensor arrays have been proposed [18,186,226,235,237]. …”

Section: Vapor Sensor Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Wave Sensors

1996

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Section: Vapor Sensor Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Wave Sensors

1996

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“…The results of this analysis demonstrate the potential of the SAW instrument for selective measurement of perchloroethylene among a library set of common vapors and are consistent with more exhaustive studies in which the capabilities of SAW sensor arrays for mixture analysis were characterized. (17,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)37) The calibration protocols employed for the field study were simplified compared with those used in the laboratory evaluation in order to more accurately reflect the way the instruments would likely be used in practice. The portable GC was pre-and postcalibrated on site using three spiked breath standards having concentrations determined immediately prior to the study using the laboratory reference GC.…”

Section: Field Evaluation Of Saw Microsensor Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(29) Relative response patterns based on calibration data for the vapor test set are presented in Figure 5 to demonstrate the contributions of the different polymer coatings to the instrument's ability to discriminate among a set of vapors. The response patterns for each of the 11 breath samples were classified using extended disjoint principal components regression (EDPCR) (32,37) and the top three classifications were recorded. Possible classifications included each of the four individual vapors and their binary mixtures.…”

Section: Field Evaluation Of Saw Microsensor Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(26)(27)(28) Previous work has shown that an array of 3-6 SAW sensors coated with a set of polymers selected to provide a broad range of solubility interactions can yield characteristic response patterns allowing for the identification and quantification of a large number of individual vapors and components of simple mixtures. (17,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)37) Laboratory application of SAW-based instrumentation has been described for personal exposure monitoring and chemical protective clothing permeation testing. (26,34) The current study extends previous work that focused on the development and laboratory testing of SAW-based instrumentation for the analysis of organic vapors in breath.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory and Field Evaluation of a SAW Microsensor Array for Measuring Perchloroethylene in Breath

Groves

Achutan

2004

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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This article describes the laboratory and field performance evaluation of a small prototype instrument employing an array of six polymer-coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors and a thermal desorption preconcentration unit for rapid analysis of perchloroethylene in breath. Laboratory calibrations were performed using breath samples spiked with perchloroethylene to prepare calibration standards spanning a concentration range of 0.1-10 ppm. A sample volume of 250 mL was preconcentrated on 40 mg of Tenax GR at a flow rate of 100 mL/min, followed by a dry air purge and thermal desorption at a temperature of 200 degrees C. The resulting pulse of vapor was passed over the sensor array at a flow rate of 20 mL/min and sensor responses were recorded and displayed using a laptop computer. The total time per analysis was 4.5 min. SAW sensor responses were linear, and the instrument's limit of detection was estimated to be 50 ppb based on the criterion that four of the six sensors show a detectable response. Field performance was evaluated at a commercial dry-cleaning operation by comparing prototype instrument results for breath samples with those of a portable gas chromatograph (NIOSH 3704). Four breath samples were collected from a single subject over the course of the workday and analyzed using the portable gas chromatograph (GC) and SAW instruments. An additional seven spiked breath samples were prepared and analyzed so that a broader range of perchloroethylene concentrations could be examined. Linear regression analysis showed excellent agreement between prototype instrument and portable GC breath sample results with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and a slope of 1.04. The average error for the prototype instrument over a perchloroethylene breath concentration range of 0.9-7.2 ppm was 2.6% relative to the portable GC. These results demonstrate the field capabilities of SAW microsensor arrays for rapid analysis of organic vapors in breath.

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“…Responses are rapid and reversible, isotherms are linear over fairly wide ranges of vapor concentration, and responses to vapor mixtures are generally additive Zellers and Han, 1996;Zellers et al, 1995). It has been shown that an array of only 3-6 SAW sensors coated with a diverse set of amorphous polymers can produce characteristic response patterns for identifying and quantifying a large number of individual vapors and the components of various vapor mixtures (Park et al, 1999Cai et al, 2000;Zellers and Han, 1996;Zellers et al, 1993Zellers et al, , 1995Grate et al, 1993;Patrash and Zellers, 1993; al., 1988;Wohltjen, 1984). Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that instrumentation similar to that reported on here can be used for several occupational hygiene applications, including personal exposure monitoring and the determination of solvents permeating through chemical protective clothing Park and Zellers, 2000a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Solvent Vapors in Breath and Ambient Air with a Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Array

2001

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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This article describes the development and evaluation of a small prototype instrument employing an array of four polymer-coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors for rapid analysis of organic solvent vapors in exhaled breath and ambient air. A thermally desorbed adsorbent preconcentrator within the instrument is used to increase sensitivity and compensate for background water vapor. Calibrations were performed for breath and dry nitrogen samples in Tedlar bags spiked with 16 individual solvents and selected binary mixtures. Responses were linear over the 50-to 400-fold concentration ranges examined and mixture responses were additive. The resulting library of vapor calibration response patterns was used with extended disjoint principal components regression and a probabilistic artificial neural network to develop vapor-recognition algorithms. In a subsequent analysis of an independent data set all individual vapors and most binary mixture components were correctly identified and were quantified to within 25 % of their actual concentrations. Limits of detection for a 0.25 I. sample collected over a 2.5-min period were <0.3xTLV for 14 of the 16 vapors based on the criterion that all four sensors show a detectable response. Results demonstrate the feasibility of this technology for workplace analysis of breath and ambient air.

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Extended disjoint principal-components regression analysis of SAW vapor sensor-array responses

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Acoustic Wave Sensors

Acoustic Wave Sensors

Laboratory and Field Evaluation of a SAW Microsensor Array for Measuring Perchloroethylene in Breath

Analysis of Solvent Vapors in Breath and Ambient Air with a Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Array

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