ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous tracheostomy by means of
single-step dilation with fiber optic bronchoscopy assistance in critical care
patients under mechanical ventilation.MethodsBetween the years 2004 and 2014, 512 patients with indication of tracheostomy
according to clinical criteria, were prospectively and consecutively included in
our study. One-third of them were high-risk patients. Demographic variables,
APACHE II score, and days on mechanical ventilation prior to percutaneous
tracheostomy were recorded. The efficacy of the procedure was evaluated according
to an execution success rate and based on the necessity of switching to an open
surgical technique. Safety was evaluated according to post-operative and operative
complication rates.ResultsThe mean age of the group was 64 ± 18 years (203 women and 309 males). The
mean APACHE II score was 21 ± 3. Patients remained an average of 11
± 3 days on mechanical ventilation before percutaneous tracheostomy was
performed. All procedures were successfully completed without the need to switch
to an open surgical technique. Eighteen patients (3.5%) presented procedure
complications. Five patients experienced transient desaturation, 4 presented low
blood pressure related to sedation, and 9 presented minor bleeding, but none
required a transfusion. No serious complications or deaths associated with the
procedure were recorded. Eleven patients (2.1%) presented post-operative
complications. Seven presented minor and transitory bleeding of the percutaneous
tracheostomy stoma, 2 suffered displacement of the tracheostomy cannula, and 2
developed a superficial infection of the stoma.ConclusionPercutaneous tracheostomy using the single-step dilation technique with fiber
optic bronchoscopy assistance seems to be effective and safe in critically ill
patients under mechanical ventilation when performed by experienced intensive care
specialists using a standardized procedure.