Extended Inflammation Parameters (EIP) as Markers of Immune System Cell Activation in Psoriasis

Abstract

Psoriasis is an inflammatory, autoimmune disease that affects approximately 2% of the population. The inflammation in psoriasis can be systemic, so despite a predominantly cutaneous manifestation, it also affects the internal organs. The diagnosis and monitoring of the disease are based on the clinical picture. To assess the disorders of other organs, additional tests need to be performed. Recently, the examination of blood morphology has been enriched with modern haematological parameters, i.e., Extended Inflammation Parameters (EIP), which include RE-LYMPH (activated lymphocytes), AS-LYMPH (antibody-producing B lymphocytes), and NEUT-RI and NEUT-GI (activated neutrophils). In the study, higher values of new haematological parameters were observed in individuals with psoriasis than in healthy controls. A higher EIP value was noted in the group of individuals with plaque psoriasis than in the group of individuals with psoriatic arthritis. Implementation of these parameters into routine laboratory analysis will likely make it possible to estimate the severity of the inflammation and improve its assessment.

Assessment of Immune Cell Activation in Pemphigus

“…Our research, discussed in our previous article [ 12 ], clearly shows that an EIP-enriched CBC study in people with psoriasis can help improve the diagnostic interpretation of patient test results. It was decided to make similar observations for pemphigus.…”

“…This study focuses on the evaluation of new hematological markers of inflammation-Extended Inflammation Parameters (EIP) in pemphigus. The evaluated parameters include NEUT-RI (Neutrophil Reactive Intensity, expressed in FI units, showing fluorescence intensity), NEUT-GI (Neutrophil Granularity Intensity, expressed in SI units, showing laser light scattering intensity), RE-LYMP (Reactive Lymphocytes, expressed as the number of cells per µL) and AS-LYMP (Antibody-Secreting Reactive Lymphocytes, expressed as the number of cells per µL) [ 12 ]. RE-LYMP parameter provides information on the amount of all reactive lymphocytes in peripheral blood.…”

The Usefulness of Extended Inflammation Parameters and Systemic Inflammatory Response Markers in the Diagnostics of Autoimmune Hepatitis

“…This parameter strongly and positively correlated with the severity of the disease expressed in the PASI (r = 0.769, p = 0.045) and BSA (r = 0.703, p = 0.045) scales [ 8 ]. The above-mentioned results of the work, as well as our research described in this publication, show the huge diagnostic potential of EIP.…”

“…The measurement takes into account the metabolic activity of neutrophils, the internal structure and the size of the cell [ 7 ]. It was revealed that these parameters can be used in diseases of various aetiology, such as psoriasis [ 8 ], pemphigus [ 9 ], type II diabetes, and gynaecological diseases (endometriosis, uterine fibroids) [ 10 ].…”

The HLA-G Immune Checkpoint Plays a Pivotal Role in the Regulation of Immune Response in Autoimmune Diseases

“…These changes are the result of epidermal hyperplasia induced by T cells, capable of producing interleukins (IL)-17A, IL-22 and IFN-γ. The literature data show that the disease is caused by a wide variety of environmental, genetic, infectious, and even lifestyle factors [159][160][161]. Additionally, there is an evidence in the literature that HLA molecules are involved in the progression of psoriasis.…”