2005
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2005.73.428
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Extended Interhuman Transmission of Monkeypox in a Hospital Community in the Republic of the Congo, 2003

Abstract: This report describes the first reported outbreak of human monkeypox in the Republic of Congo. Eleven confirmed and probable monkeypox cases were observed during this outbreak, all were less than 18 years old, and most resided on the grounds of the Government Hospital in Impfondo. Molecular, virologic, and serologic, and diagnostic assays were used to detect evidence of monkeypox (or orthopox) virus infection in individuals with striking dermatologic and other clinical manifestations. The majority of cases in … Show more

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Cited by 323 publications
(356 citation statements)
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“…A human monkeypox case was defined as a published reported case or a nonredundant unpublished case confirmed by laboratory evidence of disease. Laboratory detection methods used to classify human monkeypox cases recorded by the WHO between 1970-1986 included electron microscopy (EM), virus culture, and serology; whereas PCR, EM, and tissue culture were used for case definition by the CDC (Learned et al, 2005;Levine et al, 2007).…”
Section: Human Monkeypox Occurrence Datamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A human monkeypox case was defined as a published reported case or a nonredundant unpublished case confirmed by laboratory evidence of disease. Laboratory detection methods used to classify human monkeypox cases recorded by the WHO between 1970-1986 included electron microscopy (EM), virus culture, and serology; whereas PCR, EM, and tissue culture were used for case definition by the CDC (Learned et al, 2005;Levine et al, 2007).…”
Section: Human Monkeypox Occurrence Datamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While quantitative comparisons are challenged by different surveillance methodologies and shifting demographic conditions, the one health zone covered by intensified surveillance in both the 1980s and 2000s showed a 20-fold rise (95% CI: 14-29 fold) in per capita incidence over this period (and surveillance efforts were, if anything, weaker in the later period) [13]. Teams working in other central and western African countries have reported long chains of human-to-human transmission [49], and surprisingly high seroprevalence of anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies in unvaccinated populations [47,50]. Further empirical research is badly needed, particularly to quantify transmissibility, but the strong age structure of incidence (and especially its shift over recent decades) demonstrates clearly that the expanding pool of orthopoxvirus-naive humans has led to more cases of human monkeypox (figure 1).…”
Section: (D) Revisiting the Critiquesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies have documented human-to-human transmission within both families and health facilities [4][5][6] ; however, little information is available about the specific interactions that lead to the transmission of the virus. If specific behaviors were identified, educational programs could be designed to reduce these behaviors and decrease the rate of MPX infection.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%