Extended Lowered Body Temperature Increases the Effective CS-US Interval in Conditioned Taste Aversion for Adult Rats

Hinderliter, Charles F.; Goodhart, Mark; Anderson, Matthew; Misanin, James R.

doi:10.2466/pr0.2002.90.3.800

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…LiCl, a common inducer of CTAs, produces hypothermia via α1-adrenergic receptor (Amaro et al, 1996). It has been proposed that hypothermia might enhance CTA formation by extending the associative interval between presentation of taste conditioned stimuli and the unconditioned aversive effects of LiCl or other agents (Hinderliter et al, 2002; Hinderliter et al, 2004). Therefore the elicited CART hypothermia might be adaptive in facilitating CTA formation.…”

Section: Discussion (1497)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hindbrain Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Induces Hypothermia Mediated by GLP-1 Receptors

Skibicka¹,

Alhadeff²,

Grill³

2009

J. Neurosci.

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Cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptides are widely distributed throughout the neuraxis, including regions associated with energy balance. CART's classification as a catabolic neuropeptide is based on its inhibitory effects on feeding, coexpression with arcuate nucleus proopiomelanocortin neurons, and on limited analysis of its energy expenditure effects. Here, we investigate whether (1) caudal brainstem delivery of CART produces energetic, cardiovascular, and glycemic effects, (2) forebrain-caudal brainstem neural communication is required for those effects, and (3) glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) contribute to the mediation of CART-induced effects. Core temperature (Tc), heart rate (HR), activity, and blood glucose were measured in rats injected fourth intracerebroventricularly with CART (0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 g). Food was withheld during physiologic recording and returned for overnight measurement of intake and body weight. CART induced a long-lasting (Ͼ6 h) hypothermia: a 1.5°C and 1.6°C drop in Tc for the 1.0 and 2.0 g doses. Hindbrain CART application reduced food intake and body weight and increased blood glucose levels; no change in HR or activity was observed. Supracollicular decerebration eliminated the hypothermic response observed in intact rats to hindbrain ventricular CART, suggesting that forebrain processing is required for hypothermia. Pretreatment with the GLP-1R antagonist (exendin-9 -39) in control rats attenuated CART hypothermia and hypophagia, indicating that GLP-1R activation contributes to hypothermic and hypophagic effects of hindbrain CART, whereas CART-induced hyperglycemia was not altered by GLP-1R blockade. Data reveal a novel function of CART in temperature regulation and open possibilities for future studies on the clinical potential of the hypothermic effect.

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Section: Discussion (1497)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hindbrain Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Induces Hypothermia Mediated by GLP-1 Receptors

Skibicka¹,

Alhadeff²,

Grill³

2009

J. Neurosci.

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“… 51 The results of studies examining the relationship between metabolic rate and the length of the taste-illness interval at which CTAs can be acquired are consistent with the human data. 52 , 53 , 54 When metabolic rate is decreased in rats by reducing body temperature, CTAs can be acquired with longer taste-illness intervals. The relationship is such that as decreases in temperature progress, CTAs can be acquired with increasingly longer intervals.…”

Section: Conditioned Taste Aversion Across the Life Spanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioned taste aversions

Chambers

2018

World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg.

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When one becomes ill after consuming a meal, there is a propensity to target a particular taste as the cause of the illness. The qualities of the taste most likely targeted include more novel, less preferred, and higher protein content. This association between a particular taste and illness is a form of learning that is termed conditioned taste aversion (CTA). A consequence of the learned association is that the taste will become aversive. When experiencing the taste again, individuals will show aversive reactions such as expressions of loathing, will experience mimicked illness sensations such as nausea, and subsequently, will avoid further exposure to the taste. The ability to acquire CTA occurs across species and across ages within a species. In the rat animal model, however, age differences exist in the capability of acquiring CTAs when increasingly longer intervals are imposed between consumption of a novel sweet solution and onset of illness. Pups have a decreased ability compared to young adults while aged rats have an increased ability. Evidence suggests that the failure of pups to acquire CTA at longer intervals is due to an immature retrieval mechanism and the facilitated ability of aged rats is due to a compromised clock mechanism that tracks the passage of time. Learned taste-illness association serves the critical function of informing individuals of the toxic nature of certain foods, thus preventing further illness and potentially death. Additionally, it contributes to the hypophagia observed during cancer chemotherapy and may contribute to the hypophagia found while suffering from bacterial infection, chronic medical conditions such as cancer, and restrictive food intake disorders such as anorexia nervosa.

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“…However, young adult rats have been shown to retain aversions significantly longer than aged rats, with weanling rats exhibiting the shortest retention interval (Guanowsky et al, ). It has been suggested that differences in learning, memory, differential contextual responses, hormonal status, and/or metabolism could be responsible for these age differences (e.g., see Hinderliter et al, ). Although the basis for these differences is not known, the fact that differences have been reported suggests that the role of age should be considered and evaluated when assessing aversion learning.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioned Flavor Aversions: Assessment of Drug‐Induced Suppression of Food Intake

Riley

Freeman

2004

CP Neuroscience

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Administration of a drug following ingestion of a novel food or solution often suppresses subsequent intake of the new food or solution. This suppression is associative, in that consumption is not suppressed when there is no temporal relationship between consumption and drug administration. The robust nature of aversion learning has made this procedure a sensitive and widely used behavioral index of drug side effects. The procedures described in this unit are suitable for work with rodents, and may require modifications, e.g., in presentation of the ingesta and drug for other species. Familiar and novel foods may be used instead of solutions, with similar results.

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Extended Lowered Body Temperature Increases the Effective CS-US Interval in Conditioned Taste Aversion for Adult Rats

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Hindbrain Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Induces Hypothermia Mediated by GLP-1 Receptors

Hindbrain Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Induces Hypothermia Mediated by GLP-1 Receptors

Conditioned taste aversions

Conditioned Flavor Aversions: Assessment of Drug‐Induced Suppression of Food Intake

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