Extended Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) Model to Mirror Stroke Patients Undergoing Thrombectomy

Salmeron, Kathleen; Frank, Jacqueline A.; McLouth, Christopher J.; Lukins, Douglas; Hammond, Tyler C.; Lin, Ai-Ling; Fraser, Justin F.; Pennypacker, Keith R.

doi:10.1007/s12975-021-00936-y

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…MCAO is the recognized focal model of cerebral ischemia, and R-CCAL is an anterior circulation ischemic model of the cerebral hemisphere. 31 Our results were consistent in these two models above, as well as in the SH-SY5Y cells and primary neurons under OGD conditions. Why was RCAN1.1 so markedly elevated in neurons of AIS?…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…We verified the significant expression of RCAN1.1 mRNA and protein in two mouse models of MCAO and R‐CCAL. MCAO is the recognized focal model of cerebral ischemia, and R‐CCAL is an anterior circulation ischemic model of the cerebral hemisphere 31 . Our results were consistent in these two models above, as well as in the SH‐SY5Y cells and primary neurons under OGD conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Targeting upregulated RNA binding protein RCAN1.1: a promising strategy for neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Targeting upregulated RNA binding protein RCAN1.1: a promising strategy for neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, spontaneous hypertensive rats are applied for the authentic stroke model to understand the area of anesthesia effectiveness on the brain cells of the rat. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models related to the spontaneous hypertensive rats are involved with the area of examining the complications in ischemic stroke [ 9 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Thiopental on Ischemic Stroke in Rat Brain in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

You

Zhao

Yan

et al. 2022

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Motivation and Problem Statement. Thiopental is an anesthetic drug related to the condition of controlling the area of neurological contexts. This study is related to the analysis of effectiveness for the condition of thiopental application on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methodology. We have evaluated the thiopental induction as the anesthetic agent. The hypertensive rats were selected to administer thiopental in the form of anesthesia. The selection and application of hypertensive strokes are related to the derivation of an inducible model to assess the efficacy for analyzing the ischemic stroke parameters which relate to the human body. We used middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models related to spontaneous hypertension with the area of examining the complications in ischemic stroke. Results and Conclusion. The study focused on the experimental analysis based on the selection of spontaneously hypertensive rats associated with the incidence of ischemic stroke. Application of thiopental has reported the weak functionality and mechanism on the relaxation of neuronal activity in the case of rat brain. The considered population of the spontaneously hypertensive rats is evaluated based on the condition of effectiveness as well as the duration of the medication effects within the rat brain. Involvement of thiopental in the case of ischemic stroke has provided the area of risk development for high rate of death incidences after occurrence of acute ischemic stroke. A complication in the area of defining neuroprotective actions provides difficulty in drawing an appropriate conclusion of the study.

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“…Details of ethics approval and animals have been reported previously ( Messmer et al, 2021 ). Briefly, aged male and female rats (18-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats (ENVIGO, Indianapolis, IN) were used for all procedures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the middle cerebral artery occlusion have been reported previously ( Messmer et al, 2021 ). Briefly, 22 of the rats received a permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (p-MCAO) and 17 of the rats received a 5-h transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (5t-MCAO).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbial dysbiosis correlates with stroke severity markers in aged rats

et al. 2022

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BackgroundAn imbalanced gut microbial community, or dysbiosis, has been shown to occur following stroke. It is possible that this dysbiosis negatively impacts stroke recovery and rehabilitation. Species level resolution measurements of the gut microbiome following stroke are needed to develop and test precision interventions such as probiotic or fecal microbiota transplant therapies that target the gut microbiome. Previous studies have used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in young male mice to obtain broad profiling of the gut microbiome at the genus level following stroke, but further investigations will be needed with whole genome shotgun sequencing in aged rats of both sexes to obtain species level resolution in a model which will better translate to the demographics of human stroke patients.MethodsThirty-nine aged male and female rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Fecal samples were collected before stroke and 3 days post stroke to measure gut microbiome. Machine learning was used to identify the top ranked bacteria which were changed following stroke. MRI imaging was used to obtain infarct and edema size and cerebral blood flow (CBF). ELISA was used to obtain inflammatory markers.ResultsDysbiosis was demonstrated by an increase in pathogenic bacteria such as Butyricimonas virosa (15.52 fold change, p < 0.0001), Bacteroides vulgatus (7.36 fold change, p < 0.0001), and Escherichia coli (47.67 fold change, p < 0.0001). These bacteria were positively associated with infarct and edema size and with the inflammatory markers Ccl19, Ccl24, IL17a, IL3, and complement C5; they were negatively correlated with CBF. Conversely, beneficial bacteria such as Ruminococcus flavefaciens (0.14 fold change, p < 0.0001), Akkermansia muciniphila (0.78 fold change, p < 0.0001), and Lactobacillus murinus (0.40 fold change, p < 0.0001) were decreased following stroke and associated with all the previous parameters in the opposite direction of the pathogenic species. There were not significant microbiome differences between the sexes.ConclusionThe species level resolution measurements found here can be used as a foundation to develop and test precision interventions targeting the gut microbiome following stroke. Probiotics that include Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Lactobacillus murinus should be developed to target the deficit following stroke to measure the impact on stroke severity.

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Extended Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) Model to Mirror Stroke Patients Undergoing Thrombectomy

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Targeting upregulated RNA binding protein RCAN1.1: a promising strategy for neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke

Targeting upregulated RNA binding protein RCAN1.1: a promising strategy for neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke

Effect of Thiopental on Ischemic Stroke in Rat Brain in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Gut microbial dysbiosis correlates with stroke severity markers in aged rats

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