Extended-Nanofluidics: Fundamental Technologies, Unique Liquid Properties, and Application in Chemical and Bio Analysis Methods and Devices

Abstract

Engineering using liquids confined in channels 10-1000 nm in dimension, or "extended-nanofluidics," is the next target of microfluidic science. Liquid properties at this scale were unrevealed until recently because of the lack of fundamental technologies for investigating these ultrasmall spaces. In this article, the fundamental technologies are reviewed, and the emerging science and technology in the extended-nanospace are discussed.

Temperature and Size Effects on Structural and Dynamical Properties of Water Confined in 1 – 10 nm-scale Pores Using Proton NMR Spectroscopy

“…[1][2][3][4] Effective detection, transport, and separation of target molecules or ions have been achieved by handling liquids and fluids in such nano-confinement spaces. In order to enhance the performance of nanodevices, the structures and dynamics of liquids confined in nanospaces must be clearly understood, as nano-confinement can lead to changes in liquid properties, and strongly affects the behavior of target molecules and ions.…”

Interfacial Phenomena and Fluid Control in Micro/Nanofluidics

“…10). 129 In the device, the nanofluidic channel was used for proton exchange, and the surface modification was used for the gas/liquid-phase separation. …”

Suspended particle transport through constriction channel with Brownian motion

“…Recent LOC devices also deal with the realm of socalled extended nanospace [26,27]. Injection of a liquid sample suspended with nanoparticles with a diameter of 64 nm from a microchannel with a height of 6 μm into the nanochannel with a height of 410 nm was found to lead to the difference of particle concentration between the microchannel and nanochannel [26].…”