Extended Protocol Using Keyless Encryption Based on Memristors

Statistical Analysis of ReRAM-PUF based Keyless Encryption Protocol Against Frequency Analysis Attack

“…We conducted an experiment in which we calculated the number of visits for each ReRAM cell with different current values. We used the same dataset that has been used in [3] and [13]. The data is the output of reading the 128 cells with eight different currents.…”

“…The hash function has several common algorithms such as MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2, NTLM, and LANMAN [14] [15]. According to [3] and [13], the SHA-3-512 was selected to be used in the protocol implementation, which is one of the hash functions recommended by the NIST.…”

“…Then the output of XOR will be used as the input of a hash function. The outcome of the hash function is 512 bits long according to [3] and [13]. But we can say that, according to the type of the hash function, we can know the size of the outcome.…”

“…In 2017, [12] mentioned that "the injection of low currents in cells of memristor arrays, can result in dissolvable conductive paths of vari able resistances, and can be exploited to design Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs)." Articles [3] and [13] describe how a memristor PUF is used to encrypt plaintext without using an encryption key. Through exploiting the features of memristor, the output of memristors becomes the cipher.…”

“…After subjecting the current to a specific cell, the output will be the value of resistance. As shown in [3] and [13] , resistance values with the current value can make ciphertext. Repeatedly visiting the same cell in the memristor can help hackers exploit frequency analysis attacks to extract the plaintext.…”