Extended-Reach Drilling (ERD)—The Main Problems and Current Achievements

Sabeh, Karim El; Gaurina-Međimurec, Nediljka; Mijić, Petar; Medveď, Igor; Pašić, Borivoje

doi:10.3390/app13074112

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…(2) Eccentric annulus and hole cleaning. The drill string in the horizontal part of the wellbore is eccentric to the lower side by gravity, forming an eccentric annulus, while in the eccentric annulus, the flow velocity is not uniform, and the cuttings settle radially to form a cutting bed in the lower wellbore, which affects the friction coefficient between the drill string and the wellbore and subsequently affects the WOB transfer [24,25]. (3) Trajectory control.…”

Section: Corrected Wobmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Knowledge Dual-Driven Rate of Penetration Prediction Method for Horizontal Wells

Zhao,

Yin,

2023

Applied Sciences

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The prediction and optimization of the rate of penetration (ROP) for horizontal wells are more complicated than for vertical wells, but most of the current ROP prediction studies are for vertical wells, which cannot be adapted to the complex drilling characteristics of horizontal wells. To this end, this paper proposes a data knowledge dual-driven horizontal well ROP prediction method. Firstly, the drilling characteristics of horizontal wells are analyzed, showing that the horizontal wells ROP prediction model cannot be modeled using surface measurement data; secondly, based on the analysis of horizontal well drilling characteristics, a physical model-based horizontal well ROP modeling data pre-processing method is proposed by introducing the drag and torque model. Finally, a data knowledge dual-driven horizontal well ROP prediction method is proposed in conjunction with data-driven algorithms. The proposed horizontal well ROP prediction method is applied to the A1~A4 wells in the Sichuan area. Compared with the conventional data-driven ROP prediction method, the prediction accuracy of this method is improved by 30%. The proposed method can provide a basis for the intelligent optimization and management of ROP during the drilling of horizontal wells.

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Section: Corrected Wobmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Knowledge Dual-Driven Rate of Penetration Prediction Method for Horizontal Wells

Zhao,

Yin,

2023

Applied Sciences

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“…These wells typically have high horizontal sections and can extend for several kilometers . The primary objective of extended reach wells is to access remote or hard-to-reach hydrocarbon reserves while minimizing the number of surface locations and drilling costs. , One of the significant challenges associated with extended reach wells is the risk of shale swelling when exposed to different water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) . Shale swelling occurs when the shale formations encounter WBDFs, leading to the expansion and deformation of the shale rocks. − Shale is composed of clay minerals, which can absorb water and expand. − The interaction between shale and drilling fluids can have far-reaching consequences, including wellbore instability, formation damage, lost circulation, and decreased drilling efficiency. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 One of the significant challenges associated with extended reach wells is the risk of shale swelling when exposed to different water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). 5 Shale swelling occurs when the shale formations encounter WBDFs, leading to the expansion and deformation of the shale rocks. 6−9 Shale is composed of clay minerals, which can absorb water and expand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study and Machine Learning Modeling of Shale Swelling in Extended Reach Wells When Exposed to Diverse Water-Based Drilling Fluids

Tariq,

Murtaza,

Alrasheed

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Shale swelling poses considerable challenges for companies involved in extended-reach well drilling, particularly when it comes to maintaining wellbore stability. Despite the incorporation of swelling inhibitors in water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs), shale swelling can persist as an issue. Currently, the assessment of WBDFs' ability to prevent swelling usually involves costly, timeconsuming, and labor-intensive laboratory experiments. Therefore, this study leverages machine learning techniques (ML) to forecast the dynamic linear swelling behavior of sodium bentonite-based shale wafers. These shale wafers were subjected to different WBDFs containing diverse inorganic salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ). To gather sufficient data to train the ML models, an extensive experimental study was conducted using various WBDF formulations. The experiments were conducted on wafers, wherein each wafer treated with an inorganic salt underwent a linear swell test for 120 h until the swelling reached a plateau. Moreover, the conductivities and zeta potential of WBDFs, which were prepared using varying concentrations of salts, were recorded. Several ML techniques, namely gradient boosting, decision trees, adaptive gradient boosting (AdaBoost), K-nearest neighbors, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and stacked generalized regression (SGR) were used to forecast shale swelling. The ML models were trained using input features such as salt types, salt concentrations, salt conductivities, salt zeta potential, and elapsed time. The results revealed that the SGR model outperformed other techniques by effectively predicting linear swelling in terms of coefficient of determination (R 2 ) above 0.95. The developed ML model offers an efficient approach to assess the maximum swelling potential of various WBDFs that can help in effectively mitigating the wellbore instability concerns by continuously evaluating the interaction between shale and the drilling fluid for drilling for extended reach or maximum contact wells.

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“…Directed and horizontal drilling of deep oil and gas wells has become an accepted global practice, which continues to rapidly develop and involve innovative techniques and methods to increase production efficiency [1][2][3], in particular, for shale gas extraction. For this type of drilling, the well axis is a spatial curve; therefore, the drill string is a complex system with distributed parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytical–Numerical Model for Determining “Drill String–Wellbore” Frictional Interaction Forces

Bembenek,

Grydzhuk,

Gajdzik

et al. 2024

Energies

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Currently, drilling of directional oil and gas wells under complex technical-technological and mining-geological conditions requires the use of drill pipes made of various materials. In turn, to choose rational modes of strengthening drill pipes and drill string layouts, information on the contact forces and friction forces of the drill string pipes on boreholes is necessary. Drill pipe curved sections friction with boreholes and drill bit resistance moment changes are the main causes of uneven rotation of a drill string during rotary or combined drilling methods and the occurrence of parametric oscillations. To reduce the cost of mechanical energy for well wiring, it is necessary to take into account the “drill string–borehole rocks” force interaction to estimate the magnitude of the frictional forces and their influence on the technological parameters of the drilling process. To solve this problem, mathematical models of “conventionally vertical and inclined drill string sections–borehole” were built. Based on the industrial data, an analysis of the force interaction of a deformed drill string composed of pipes made of different materials (aluminum, titanium, steel) was carried out. Analytical dependences were obtained for determining the contact forces and friction of the pipes on boreholes. A numerical study of the change of these power factors depending on the depth of the well under conditions of intensive vibration loading was carried out. The amplitude values of these forces, the frequency of their change for good sections, as well as the places for the most rational installation of drill pipes in the layout of the drill string were estimated. It was established that the intensity of contact and friction forces for steel drill pipes is greater than for titanium or aluminum ones. It is shown that the greater impact of a solid steel string on contact forces and frictional forces compared to a layout with sections of titanium or aluminum pipes in the range of vibration frequencies of 8–22 Hz corresponds to a bit rotation frequency of 70–80 rpm. The practical application of the obtained research results will contribute to the improvement of technical and economic indicators of the well drilling process.

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Extended-Reach Drilling (ERD)—The Main Problems and Current Achievements

Cited by 11 publications

References 77 publications

Data Knowledge Dual-Driven Rate of Penetration Prediction Method for Horizontal Wells

Data Knowledge Dual-Driven Rate of Penetration Prediction Method for Horizontal Wells

An Experimental Study and Machine Learning Modeling of Shale Swelling in Extended Reach Wells When Exposed to Diverse Water-Based Drilling Fluids

An Analytical–Numerical Model for Determining “Drill String–Wellbore” Frictional Interaction Forces

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