Extended stratigraphy, palynology and depositional environments record the initiation of the Himalayan Gyirong Basin (Neogene China)

Yong, Xu; Zhang, Kexin; Wang, Guocan; Jiang, Shangsong; Chen, Fenning; Su, Xiang; Dupont‐Nivet, Guillaume; Hoorn, Carina

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.04.007

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Indeed, genetic separation, diversity, and geographical distribution of Himalayan spiny frogs seem to be best explained by a South Tibetan origin rather than by the alternative immigration or strict vicariance scenario. A Tibetan origin of high-montane faunal elements of the Himalaya is coherent with isotope records as well as with fossil evidence of Late Paleogene and Miocene subtropical to temperate vegetation north of the Greater Himalaya (Su et al, 2019;Wang, Deng, & Biasatti, 2006;Xu et al, 2012), suggesting the existence of cloud forests in Paleo-Tibet.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Phylogeny of spiny frogs Nanorana (Anura: Dicroglossidae) supports a Tibetan origin of a Himalayan species group

Hofmann

Baniya

Litvinchuk

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Recent advances in the understanding of the evolution of the Asian continent challenge the long‐held belief of a faunal immigration into the Himalaya. Spiny frogs of the genus Nanorana are a characteristic faunal group of the Himalaya–Tibet orogen (HTO). We examine the phylogeny of these frogs to explore alternative biogeographic scenarios for their origin in the Greater Himalaya, namely, immigration, South Tibetan origin, strict vicariance. We sequenced 150 Nanorana samples from 62 localities for three mitochondrial (1,524 bp) and three nuclear markers (2,043 bp) and complemented the data with sequence data available from GenBank. We reconstructed a gene tree, phylogenetic networks, and ancestral areas. Based on the nuDNA, we also generated a time‐calibrated species tree. The results revealed two major clades (Nanorana and Quasipaa), which originated in the Lower Miocene from eastern China and subsequently spread into the HTO (Nanorana). Five well‐supported subclades are found within Nanorana: from the East, Central, and Northwest Himalaya, the Tibetan Plateau, and the southeastern Plateau margin. The latter subclade represents the most basal group (subgenus Chaparana), the Plateau group (Nanorana) represents the sister clade to all species of the Greater Himalaya (Paa). We found no evidence for an east–west range expansion of Paa along the Himalaya, nor clear support for a strict vicariance model. Diversification in each of the three Himalayan subclades has probably occurred in distinct areas. Specimens from the NW Himalaya are placed basally relative to the highly diverse Central Himalayan group, while the lineage from the Tibetan Plateau is placed within a more terminal clade. Our data indicate a Tibetan origin of Himalayan Nanorana and support a previous hypothesis, which implies that a significant part of the Himalayan biodiversity results from primary diversification of the species groups in South Tibet before this part of the HTO was uplifted to its recent heights.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Phylogeny of spiny frogs Nanorana (Anura: Dicroglossidae) supports a Tibetan origin of a Himalayan species group

Hofmann

Baniya

Litvinchuk

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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“…In recent years a large number of studies have dealt with local or regional records of climatic changes, demonstrating that the intensities of the Indian monsoon and the East Asian monsoon varied on regional and temporal scales during the Cenozoic (e.g. Miao et al , ; Xing et al , ; Xu et al , ; Yao et al , ; Zhang et al , ; Jacques, Shi & Wang, ). For example, palaeobotanical data suggest that already during the Miocene the south‐eastern margin of the QTP was under strong influence of both South Asian and East Asian monsoon and was dominated by a warm and humid climate and subtropical/tropical vegetation (Sun & Wang, ; Jacques et al , ).…”

Section: A Geological and Climatic Scenario To Promote Hypothesis‐drimentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the uplift of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau for the evolution of Tibetan biotas

et al. 2014

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Biodiversity is unevenly distributed on Earth and hotspots of biodiversity are often associated with areas that have undergone orogenic activity during recent geological history (i.e. tens of millions of years). Understanding the underlying processes that have driven the accumulation of species in some areas and not in others may help guide prioritization in conservation and may facilitate forecasts on ecosystem services under future climate conditions. Consequently, the study of the origin and evolution of biodiversity in mountain systems has motivated growing scientific interest. Despite an increasing number of studies, the origin and evolution of diversity hotspots associated with the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) remains poorly understood. We review literature related to the diversification of organisms linked to the uplift of the QTP. To promote hypothesis-based research, we provide a geological and palaeoclimatic scenario for the region of the QTP and argue that further studies would benefit from providing a complete set of complementary analyses (molecular dating, biogeographic, and diversification rates analyses) to test for a link between organismic diversification and past geological and climatic changes in this region. In general, we found that the contribution of biological interchange between the QTP and other hotspots of biodiversity has not been sufficiently studied to date. Finally, we suggest that the biological consequences of the uplift of the QTP would be best understood using a meta-analysis approach, encompassing studies on a variety of organisms (plants and animals) from diverse habitats (forests, meadows, rivers), and thermal belts (montane, subalpine, alpine, nival). Since the species diversity in the QTP region is better documented for some organismic groups than for others, we suggest that baseline taxonomic work should be promoted.

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“…The presence of evergreen subtropical and temperate deciduous broadleaf forest (Quercus, Betula, Juglans, Alnus), needle-leaved element (Pinus, Tsuga) and high altitude taxa (Picea, Abies) with Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae show mixed pollen assemblages. This pollen assemblage is comparable to the Gyirong Basin (Xu et al, 2012) and broadleaf mixed forest was widespread in the southern Tibet during the north-south trending graben development (10-11 Ma) further indicating a warm and humid environment. Pollen grains of Coniferous plants dominate the upper horizon of the Tetang Formation and the δ 18 O study confirmed that the altitude was higher during the depositional time at 11-9.6 Ma than the present time (Adhikari, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The paleoenvironmental study can be done by various proxy such as pollen, carbon and oxygen isotopes (Fort et al, 1982;Yoshida et al, 1984;Garzione et al, 2003;Paudayal and Ferguson, 2004;Adhikari and Paudayal, 2012). The late Cenozoic Asian environment is one part of the long-term paleoenvironmental studies in the High Himalaya and Tibetan plateau to understand the complex relationship between climate change and tectonic activities (Molnar and Tapponnier, 1978;Kroon et al, 1991;Yin and Harrison, 2000;Zhisheng et al, 2001;Garzione 2008;Xu et al, 2012;Dhital, 2015). The upliftment of the Himalayan orogenic belt is a resultant of the collision between Indian and Eurasian Plates at the Cenozoic time (Rowley, 1996) and this tectonic activity affected the Asian monsoon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palynological evidence for the Neogene environment analysis of the Thakkhola Graben, Nepal

Adhikari

Paudayal

2020

Journal of Nepal Geological Society

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The Thakkhola Graben, a north-south graben, lies in central Nepal Himalayas consisting of Neogene sediments. The presence of pollens in these sediments provides a unique natural laboratory to understand the paleoenvironment during the formation of the graben. This study provides a detailed description of the pollen collected from the Tetang and Thakkhola formations with the help of the Light Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope. A variety of pollen assemblages from the Thakkhola Graben explains that the sediments contain dominant alpine trees with some steppe vegetation. Presence of evergreen subtropical and temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest, needle-leaved element, and high altitude taxa show a mixed pollen assemblage in fluvial-lacustrine sediments of the graben. The presence of evergreen subtropical and temperate deciduous broadleaf forest (Quercus, Betula, Juglans, Alnus), needle-leaved element (Pinus, Tsuga) and high altitude taxa (Picea, Abies) with Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae show mixed pollen assemblages indicating warm and humid paleoclimate. The coniferous pollen indicates the altitude was higher during the deposition time and the presence of Betula, Quercus, and Juglans suggests temperate forest. Domination of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae shows a strong influence of the Himalayan topographic barrier during the sediment deposition.

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Extended stratigraphy, palynology and depositional environments record the initiation of the Himalayan Gyirong Basin (Neogene China)

Cited by 23 publications

References 57 publications

Phylogeny of spiny frogs Nanorana (Anura: Dicroglossidae) supports a Tibetan origin of a Himalayan species group

Phylogeny of spiny frogs Nanorana (Anura: Dicroglossidae) supports a Tibetan origin of a Himalayan species group

The role of the uplift of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau for the evolution of Tibetan biotas

Palynological evidence for the Neogene environment analysis of the Thakkhola Graben, Nepal

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