Extended Theory of Planned Behavior as Model of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use by Indonesian Bodybuilders

Patiro, Shine Pintor Siolemba; Dharmmesta, Basu Swastha; Nugroho, Sahid Susilo; Sutikno, Bayu

doi:10.22146/jieb.10322

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…2 ), as behavioral willingness and attitude have the greatest effect on predicting behavioral intention. In the study by Patiro et al, there was a direct relationship between attitude and behavioral intention of AAS use, which is consistent with the results of the present study [ 33 ]. As well, in the study by Abedini et al, attitude, subjective norms, and behavioral willingness were reported as the predictors of intention to use hookah among students [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Random forest model to identify factors associated with anabolic-androgenic steroid use

Manoochehri

Barati

Faradmal

et al. 2021

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background One of the types of doping that is commonly used by bodybuilders, is androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS). The use of AAS besides violating sporting ethics would have serious consequences on physical and mental health statuses. This study aimed to determine the most important factors of using AAS among bodybuilders by prototype willingness model (PWM). Methods In this analytical cross-sectional study, 280 male bodybuilders were selected from the bodybuilding clubs in Hamadan city using multistage sampling in 2016. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of demographic information and constructs of the PWM was then used to collect data and random forest model was also applied to analyze the collected data. Results Behavioral willingness, attitude, and previous AAS use were found as the most important factors in determining the behavioral intention. Moreover, subjective norms, attitude, BMI, and prototypes were the factors with the greatest effect on predicting behavioral willingness of AAS use. As well, behavioral intention was observed to be more important than behavioral willingness for predicting of AAS use. Discussion The obtained results show that the reasoned action path has a greater impact to predict AAS use among bodybuilders compared to social reaction path.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Random forest model to identify factors associated with anabolic-androgenic steroid use

Manoochehri

Barati

Faradmal

et al. 2021

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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“…2), as behavioral willingness and attitude have the greatest effect on predicting behavioral intention. In the study by Patiro et al, there was a direct relationship between attitude and behavioral intention of AAS use, which is consistent with the results of the present study [33]. As well, in the study by Abedini et al, attitude, subjective norms, and behavioral willingness were reported as the predictors of intention to use hookah among students [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Prediction Factors of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use among Bodybuilders: Application of Prototype Willingness Model

Manoochehri

Barati

Faradmal

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: One of the types of doping commonly used by bodybuilders is androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS).The use of AAS in addition to violating sporting ethics, has serious consequences on physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to determining the most important factors of AAS use among bodybuilders using prototype willingness model (PWM).Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 280 male bodybuilders were selected using multistage sampling from the bodybuilding clubs in Hamadan city in 2016.A self-administered questionnaire consisting of demographic information and constructs of the PWM was used to collect data and random forest model was used to analyses the gathered data.Results: behavioral willingness, Attitude, previous AAS use were the most important factors in determining the behavioral intention. Subjective norms, attitude, BMI and prototypes were the factors that have the greatest impact on predicting of behavioral willingness of AAS use. Also behavioral intention was more important rather than behavioral willingness for predicting of AAS use.Discussion: The results based on PWM and random forest showed that the reasoned action path has a greater impact than social reaction path to predict AAS use among bodybuilders.

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“…Deliberative attitude assessment adapted to specific research context often utilize semantic differential measures (e.g., Barkoukis et al, 2014;Chantal & Bernache-Assollant, 2015;Girelli et al, 2020;Horcajo & Luttrell, 2016;Horcajo et al, 2019;Horcajo et al, 2020;Lazuras et al, 2010;Patiro et al, 2016;Psouni et al, 2015). Items for this type of attitude measure typically ask respondents to place the concept of doping (in general) or a specific doping behavior between the extreme ends of semantic differential pairs.…”

Section: Measuring Doping Attitudes With Scaled Semantic Differential Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The performance enhancement attitude scale (PEAS) reached ‘adulthood’: Lessons and recommendations from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Folkerts

Loh

Petróczi

et al. 2021

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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Doping is an omnipresent issue in both professional and amateur sports. Advances in social science research, including studies on doping attitude, have played a pivotal role in developing an understanding that prohibition and testing alone do not deter athletes from doping. Research on doping attitude has relied heavily on the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS). Yet, to date, no systematic review and meta-analysis of the PEAS have been conducted. Thus, the purpose of this study is, for the first time, to cumulate evidence for the psychometric properties of PEAS; specifically to conduct a qualitative synthesis and perform a meta-analysis to analyze the available results and findings for internal consistency reliability, gender differences and user/non-user differences in doping attitude assessed by the PEAS. PRISMA protocol was employed for data identification and selection. Included articles were assessed for data quality and biases. Meta-analysis with random effects models was used to determine overall internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) and descriptive statistics (Mean, SD) for a subset of studies using the full 17-item PEAS. Eighty-two studies were eligible for qualitative synthesis, and a subsample of 42 studies were meta-analyzed. The quantitative analyses yield an overall PEAS score of 39.18 (2.30 on a 6-point scale) and Cronbach's alpha of .85. Males and admitted doping users scored higher on PEAS then females and non-users, but still within the 'negative' spectrum. Medium to strong correlations were recorded with moral disengagement (r = .42-.75). The meta-analysis showed good level of internal consistency reliability for the PEAS. Overall, negative doping attitude characterized the athlete population, regardless of gender or involvement in doping. The latter, coupled with sole reliance on self-reports for doping, questions the validity of PEAS as proxy for indexing doping behavior. Future research will benefit from a standardized short version of PEAS. The evident moral angle of the PEAS limits the scale's utility as a global attitude measure and warrants recalibration of the scale as a measure of moral doping attitude. Advances in doping behavior research calls for a more nuanced understanding of the role of attitudes toward doping and clean sport behavior; new and more specific attitude measures toward doping that separate moral and functional aspects effectively, along with a psychometrically sound instrument for adolescents.

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Extended Theory of Planned Behavior as Model of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use by Indonesian Bodybuilders

Cited by 7 publications

References 90 publications

Random forest model to identify factors associated with anabolic-androgenic steroid use

Random forest model to identify factors associated with anabolic-androgenic steroid use

The Prediction Factors of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use among Bodybuilders: Application of Prototype Willingness Model

The performance enhancement attitude scale (PEAS) reached ‘adulthood’: Lessons and recommendations from a systematic review and meta-analysis

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