Extending Designed Linear Biocatalytic Cascades for Organic Synthesis

Abstract

Artificial cascade reactions involving biocatalysts have demonstrated a tremendous potential during the recent years. This review just focuses on selected examples of the last year and putting them into context to a previously published suggestion for classification. Subdividing the cascades according to the number of catalysts in the linear sequence, and classifying whether the steps are performed simultaneous or in a sequential fashion as well as whether the reaction sequence is performed in vitro or in vivo allows to organise the concepts. The last year showed, that combinations of in vivo as well as in vitro are possible. Incompatible reaction steps may be run in a sequential fashion or by compartmentalisation of the incompatible steps either by using special reactors (membrane), polymersomes or flow techniques.

Valency engineering of monomeric enzymes for self-assembling biocatalytic hydrogels

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7] In order to prevent the multiple reactions from spreading and unproductive crosstalk, compartmentalized microuidic reactors are being developed, which spatially separate sequential transformations into individual reaction vessels that are uidically coupled with each other. 6,[8][9][10] Moreover, the microuidic reactors offer a high level of control over temperature proles and diffusion-based mixing. 11,12 This approach, dubbed as 'ow biocatalysis', is oen based on isolated enzymes, which need to be immobilized on carrier structures inside the reactor space.…”

Protein‐inorganic calcium‐phosphate supraparticles as a robust platform for enzyme co‐immobilization

“…Recently, the degree of product inhibition that amine dehydrogenases can experience was demonstrated, showing this is an important phenomenon to understand in any enzymatic reaction with a high degree of conversion (Franklin, Whitley, Robbins, & Bommarius, 2019; Tseliou, Knaus, Masman, Corrado, & Mutti, 2019). In other applications, EziG immobilized with an alcohol dehydrogenase and cFL1‐AmDH showed high retention of activity over five cycles, and EziG immobilized with transaminase showed virtually no loss in activity over 16 cycles, showing the supraparticle immobilization system compares well on this front (Böhmer et al, 2019; Gandomkar, Żądło‐Dobrowolska, & Kroutil, 2019).…”

Self‐Immobilizing Oxidoreductases for Flow Biocatalysis in Miniaturized Packed‐Bed Reactors

“…However, further improvement of this approach will crucially depend on the availability of flexible and robust technical production platforms. Towards this end, a rich source of innovation for modular production processes is currently drawn from biological means for the compartmentalization and cascading of multiple enzymatic transformations [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. One important approach to implement enzyme cascades into future biocatalytic processes takes advantage of compartmentalized microfluidic reactors.…”