Extending end-to-end optical service provisioning and restoration in carrier networks: opportunities, issues, and challenges

Control plane design in multidomain/multilayer optical networks

“…The OIF has largely focused on optical interfacing protocols, including a client-network UNI and a network-network NNI [2]. UNI defines bandwidth signaling for client devices (i.e., IP/MPLS routers) to request/release optical connections from carrier SONET/SDH or DWDM domains, namely, "optical dial-tone."…”

“…In light of the above, optical networks are evolving into a complex interconnection of circuitswitched domains and layers (or granularities), with the delineations being driven by many factors, for example, geographic, administrative, client requirements, economic cost, entrenched infrastructure, and so on [2]. Concurrently, the scale and reach of high-bandwidth applications continues to grow, mandating services delivery across heterogeneous optical domains.…”

“…Foremost, it is not feasible for a single entity to maintain a global state due to obvious scalability and confidentiality concerns. Although proprietary solutions are being developed to integrate multivendor operational support systems (OSS), these have limited scope [2]. Therefore, interdomain interconnection continues to be performed manually, yielding high inefficiency and long lead times.…”

Distributed inter-domain lightpath provisioning in the presence of wavelength conversion

“…In the latter it is assumed that only the border nodes are conversion-capable and the interior nodes remain all-optical. This is a realistic modeling of emergent optical networks, e.g., all-optical ''islands'' delineated with optoelectronic border nodes [4]. The proposed scheme addresses several key steps in inter-domain provisioning.…”

Hierarchical routing in multi-domain optical networks

“…However, most of these efforts have focused on single domain networks. Clearly, as DWDM technology proliferates there is a pressing need to develop more advanced lightpath provisioning algorithms for distributed multi-domain settings, i.e., as delineated by administrative or technological boundaries [4]. In particular, emergent applications in the fields of grid-computing and e-science are driving the need for distributed, dynamic circuitswitched interconnection at very large speeds.…”