Extending New Zealand’s Marine Shellfish Aquaculture Into Exposed Environments – Adapting to Modern Anthropogenic Challenges

Heasman, Kevin; Scott, Nicholas V.; Ericson, Jessica A.; Taylor, David I.; Buck, Bela H.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.565686

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For example, the expansion of marine farming activities into the open ocean has begun in many parts of the world and will vastly increase the available space for mussel aquaculture but is wholly reliant on a significant and consistent supply of seed. 18 The cause of losses of seed mussels is highly complex due to the possible influence of multiple environmental and biological factors including site characteristics and the behaviour and physiology of the seed that interact with aquaculture industry processes, such as the transfer of seed among sites and their mechanised deployment.…”

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confidence: 99%

The loss of seed mussels in longline aquaculture

South

Delorme

Skelton

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Mussel aquaculture around the world is traditionally reliant on highly variable natural supplies of seed that are collected from the wild and transferred to mussel farms. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In many global regions, hatchery production is being increasingly used to provide a more consistent supply of seed mussels. However, the seeding of longline mussel aquaculture operations is inefficient, with many of the mussels from both wild and hatchery sources being lost in the first few months of aquaculture. [8][9][10] In many cases, losses can be extreme with >95% of seed being lost. [11][12][13] At seeding into longline aquaculture, loose mussels or seed attached to substrates, such as macroalgae, are deployed into the sea alongside a grow-out rope with a socking material holding the seed and their substrates in place. 7,14 The success of the seeding process is heavily reliant on survival of the seed mussels and their ability to migrate and attach to the grow-out rope. 9Losses of these seed mussels are a significant constraint to the continuity and envisaged growth of the global mussel farming industry 15 and represent a considerable waste of valuable natural resources or costly hatchery-reared seed. 16,17 Therefore, in the face of limited seed resources and the projected growth in human population and food demand, maximising production efficiencies to maintain or increase commercial mussel yield by mitigating against seed losses should be a fundamental goal of mussel aquaculture.

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confidence: 99%

The loss of seed mussels in longline aquaculture

South

Delorme

Skelton

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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“…Strategies of increasing aeration on mussel farms have been investigated within the context of ocean acidification and warrant future research to implement dropper aeration or integrated multi-trophic aquaculture to improve oxygen content in the face of climate stressors [ 83 ]. Open ocean aquaculture, suspending mussel lines deeper in the water column [ 84 ], and selective breeding for thermotolerance can also be used as mitigation strategies [ 80 ]. Heat hardening (the transient response that improves thermal tolerance and a plastic trait that can be modified by acclimation to different thermal regimes) can be utilised to condition mussels to environmental conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Changes of Perna canaliculus Following a Laboratory Marine Heatwave Exposure: Insights from Metabolomic Analyses

et al. 2023

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Temperature is considered to be a major abiotic factor influencing aquatic life. Marine heatwaves are emerging as threats to sustainable shellfish aquaculture, affecting the farming of New Zealand’s green-lipped mussel [Perna canaliculus (Gmelin, 1791)]. In this study, P. canaliculus were gradually exposed to high-temperature stress, mimicking a five-day marine heatwave event, to better understand the effects of heat stress on the metabolome of mussels. Following liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses of haemolymph samples, key sugar-based metabolites supported energy production via the glycolysis pathway and TCA cycle by 24 h and 48 h of heat stress. Anaerobic metabolism also fulfilled the role of energy production. Antioxidant molecules acted within thermally stressed mussels to mitigate oxidative stress. Purine metabolism supported tissue protection and energy replenishment. Pyrimidine metabolism supported the protection of nucleic acids and protein synthesis. Amino acids ensured balanced intracellular osmolality at 24 h and ammonia detoxification at 48 h. Altogether, this work provides evidence that P. canaliculus has the potential to adapt to heat stress up to 24 °C by regulating its energy metabolism, balancing nucleotide production, and implementing oxidative stress mechanisms over time. The data reported herein can also be used to evaluate the risks of heatwaves and improve mitigation strategies for aquaculture.

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“…In accordance with this vision there is, at least from a theoretical perspective, scope for coastal waters to support a significant increase in LTM production (Buck and Langan, 2017;Theuerkauf et al, 2019;Thomas et al, 2019;Heasman et al, 2020). This potential is apparent even in disparities among those nations that already have some coastal marine aquaculture; for which production ranges from <1 MT km −1 to more than 500 MT km −1 of shoreline (Kapetsky et al, 2013).…”

Section: Balancing Narratives Of Ltm Aquaculture Expansion With Socie...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of Low Trophic Marine Aquaculture Contributing to Food Security in a Net Zero-Carbon World

Krause

Vay

Buck

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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To limit compromising the integrity of the planet, a shift is needed towards food production with low environmental impacts and low carbon footprint. How to put such transformative change towards sustainable food production whilst ensuring food security into practice remains a challenge and will require transdisciplinary approaches. Combining expertise from natural- and social sciences as well as industry perspectives, an alternative vision for the future in the marine realm is proposed. This vision includes moving towards aquaculture mainly of low trophic marine (LTM) species. Such shift may enable a blue transformation that can support a sustainable blue economy. It includes a whole new perspective and proactive development of policy-making which considers, among others, the context-specific nature of allocation of marine space and societal acceptance of new developments, over and above the decarbonization of food production, vis á vis reducing regulatory barriers for the industry for LTM whilst acknowledging the complexities of upscaling and outscaling. This needs to be supported by transdisciplinary research co-produced with consumers and wider public, as a blue transformation towards accelerating LTM aquaculture opportunities in a net zero-carbon world can only occur by considering the demands of society.

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Extending New Zealand’s Marine Shellfish Aquaculture Into Exposed Environments – Adapting to Modern Anthropogenic Challenges

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

The loss of seed mussels in longline aquaculture

The loss of seed mussels in longline aquaculture

Metabolite Changes of Perna canaliculus Following a Laboratory Marine Heatwave Exposure: Insights from Metabolomic Analyses

Prospects of Low Trophic Marine Aquaculture Contributing to Food Security in a Net Zero-Carbon World

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