Extending Printing Color Gamut by Optimizing the Spectral Reflectance of Inks

Investigation of ink formulation options with the purpose to obtain colorgamut-optimal set of Cyan Magenta and Yellow CMY inks is reported. Implementation of the thickness dependent Kubelka-Munk model on multiple ink layers having different and well-defined thicknesses, provides characteristic absorption and scattering (K, S) spectra of the ink ingredients. These data enable accurate computation of the reflectance spectrum and thus the L*a*b* color coordinates for any given ink thickness or substrate. Pigment materials investigated are quinacridone as magenta, copper-phthalocyanine as cyan, and arylide yellow. Scaling the peak of the absorption band to the number of molecules per unit area for the specific pigments studied in this article provides the molar extinction coefficients, 1.21 × 10 4 , 4.7 × 10 4 , and 3.3 × 10 4 cm 2 /millimole respectively, regardless of the different ink formulations used, in accord with Avogadro's principle. Having a set of three pairs of K, S spectra is used to compute the color gamut of any CMY color combination in the L*a*b* space as a function of ink layer thickness and formulation. Using an iterative algorithm, a color-gamut-optimal set of CMY inks is obtained.

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Optimization of quinacridone magenta, Cu‐phthalocyanine cyan, and arylide yellow ink films formulated for maximum color gamut

Borenstain

Bar‐Haim

Goldshtein

et al. 2020

Color Research & Application

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Colour mixing based on daylight

Meyn

2008

Eur. J. Phys.

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Colour science is based on the sensation of monochromatic light. In contrast to that, surface colours are caused by reflection of wide sections of the daylight spectrum. Non-spectral colours like magenta and purple appear homologous to colours with spectral hue, if the approach of mixing monochromatic light is abandoned. It is shown that a large region of the colour space can be covered by mixing three primary colours derived from lossless spectral decomposition of daylight. These primaries are specified by hue, saturation and luminosity. Duality of additive and subtractive mixing is formulated quantitatively. Experimental demonstrations of calculated results are suggested. This paper is intended for undergraduate optics courses, and advanced interdisciplinary seminars on arts and physics.

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Toward a Unified Color Space for Perception-Based Image Processing

Lissner

Urban

2012

IEEE Trans. on Image Process.

101

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Image processing methods that utilize characteristics of the human visual system require color spaces with certain properties to operate effectively. After analyzing different types of perception-based image processing problems, we present a list of properties that a unified color space should have. Due to contradictory perceptual phenomena and geometric issues, a color space cannot incorporate all these properties. We therefore identify the most important properties and focus on creating opponent color spaces without cross contamination between color attributes (i.e., lightness, chroma, and hue) and with maximum perceptual uniformity induced by color-difference formulas. Color lookup tables define simple transformations from an initial color space to the new spaces. We calculate such tables using multigrid optimization considering the Hung and Berns data of constant perceived hue and the CMC, CIE94, and CIEDE2000 color-difference formulas. The resulting color spaces exhibit low cross contamination between color attributes and are only slightly less perceptually uniform than spaces optimized exclusively for perceptual uniformity. We compare the CIEDE2000-based space with commonly used color spaces in two examples of perception-based image processing. In both cases, standard methods show improved results if the new space is used. All color-space transformations and examples are provided as MATLAB codes on our website.

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Extending Printing Color Gamut by Optimizing the Spectral Reflectance of Inks

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Optimization of quinacridone magenta, Cu‐phthalocyanine cyan, and arylide yellow ink films formulated for maximum color gamut

Optimization of quinacridone magenta, Cu‐phthalocyanine cyan, and arylide yellow ink films formulated for maximum color gamut

Colour mixing based on daylight

Toward a Unified Color Space for Perception-Based Image Processing

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