Extending Social Security: Policies for Developing Countries

Self Cite

This article reports the findings of 13 studies undertaken as part of the International Social Security Association (ISSA) project on "Examining the existing knowledge on coverage extension". It reviews recent evidence that highlights how cash benefits and health-care coverage, financed on the basis of contributions or tax revenue or both, can be extended and maintained in low-, middle-and high-income countries. The article also highlights a number of priority areas and issues for coverage extension, including realizing improved protection for informal-economy and migrant workers.i ssr_1354 57..76

Section: Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Social security coverage extension: A review of recent evidence

Ginneken

2009

Self Cite

“…Van Ginneken defines social security as benefits “society provides to individuals and households — through public and collective measures — to guarantee them a minimum standard of living and to protect them against low or declining living standards, arising out of a number of basic risks and needs” (2003, p. 285). The two main components of social security are social insurance and tax‐financed social benefits.…”

Section: The Global Perspective On the Extension Of Social Security Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “X component” in Shanghai's social security reforms

Davies

Nielsen

Nyland

et al. 2009

In 2003, the Shanghai Bureau of Labour and Social Security launched the zhenbao (town insurance) programme, now widely known as 25 plus X. This scheme is regarded as an important experiment in social security reform and has been lauded for extending social security to areas where previously only segments of the population had mandatory coverage. Using data from 103,000 individuals enrolled in 25 plus X, we examine the extent to which the scheme represents an extension in social security coverage. Our analysis suggests that while it does represent an extension of benefits for some, for many it represents a considerable dilution in benefits.

“…Since it was established in 1919 the ILO has sought a universalist social protection agenda. Though this agenda was not consistently followed, it was reconfirmed at the 2001 International Labour Conference, which resolved to continue pursuing the commitment to universalism through “the extension of social security measures to provide a basic income to all in need of such protection and comprehensive medical care” (ILO, 2001, v‐1; see also ILO, 2004; van Ginneken, 2003). The general approach of the ILO approximates closely to the solidaristic social protection framework of the kind which exists in the nations making up the social democratic regime type.…”

Section: Social Protection Regime Types and Intergovernmental Organizmentioning

confidence: 99%

The compliance challenge: Implications for social security in the People's Republic of China

Ramia¹,

Davies²,

Nyland

2008

Discussion of social security compliance in developing societies has mainly focused on systemic administrative and operational issues. The article argues that analysis of compliance calls also for frameworks which draw lessons from nation-specific policy circumstances and comparisons of social protection regime types. Using such an approach, it also examines social security compliance in the context of China. Four considerations are found to be central to improved compliance: the sustainability of economic growth; trust in social institutions and regulations; the differing social values inherent in regime types; and institutional inertia accumulated in China's existing policy path.Analyses of social security compliance have shed light on the important problem of social insurance contribution rates, particularly in developing societies. This article argues that analysing compliance calls for frameworks which also consider lessons offered by nation-specific policy circumstances and comparisons of social protection regime types. Drawing on this dual approach, the present analysis examines social security compliance in the context of China. Relevant regime types are reviewed, specifically those emanating from the "worlds of welfare capitalism" approach (Esping-Andersen, 1990; and models put forward by the two intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that are most authoritative in discussions of social security compliance: the World Bank and the International Labour Organization (ILO). In assessing the regime types and models, four factors are