Extension growth of grass tillers in the field

Williams, C. F.; Biddiscombe, EF

doi:10.1071/ar9650014

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although it is generally agreed that radiation is much less important than temperature in determining leaf extension rate (Weihing, 1963;Thomas, 1975), it is difficult to escape the conclusion that the two may have interacted in this situation. Some such links have been shown (Williams and Biddiscombe, 1965;Thomas and Norris, 1977;Norris, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Rates of leaf extension have been shown to be influenced by temperature (Williams and Biddiscombe, 1965;Peacock, 1971). Peacock (1975b) established that temperature is effective at the level ofthe stem apex which in perennial ryegrass is located close to the soil surface during the vegetative and early reproductive phases of growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One ofthe components influencing growth rate of grasses is the rate of leaf extension. This has been strongly correlated with temperature {Williams and Biddiscombe, 1965;Peacock, 1975a;Thomas and Norris, 1977) and further work by Peacock (1975b) has suggested that temperature is effective at the level of the stem apex (i.e., at ground level in spring). However, a recent study investigating the extent to which differences in the spring growth of perennial ryegrass swards at three different sites were related to soil surface temperature (Baker and Younger, 1986) concluded that some factor other than temperature was responsible for the difference measured in leaf extension rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Factors affecting the leaf extension rate of perennial ryegrass in spring

Baker

Younger

1987

Grass and Forage Science

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The effects of soil temperature and other factors on the early spring growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) swards were studied in 1983, 1984 and 1985. Leaf extension was used as the measure of growth and soil temperature was recorded at 10 cm depth below bare ground. Measurements were taken before the first nitrogen dressing had been applied each spring on swards that had received annual dressings of 0, 200 or 400 kg N ha‐1 since 1982. On the pooled data temperature alone accounted for 604% of the variation in leaf extension rate, with an average increase of 0·4 mm d‐1 for each 1°C increase in temperature over the range studied. Considering the data for each year separately did not greatly improve the correlation but did indicate that leaves extended more rapidly in 1985 for each degree increase in temperature whereas the smallest response was recorded in 1984. A better correlation was achieved by grouping data according to the nitrogen rates previously applied to plots and there was evidence of residual effets of this nitrogen. It seems likely that the differences between years can be explained in terms of differences in radiation and other environmental parameters over the measurement period, whereas the effects of previously applied nitrogen may be more closely related to physiological changes in the sward.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Factors affecting the leaf extension rate of perennial ryegrass in spring

Baker

Younger

1987

Grass and Forage Science

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“…In the leaf of the tea plant, catechin is reported to be formed in the chloroplasts and to accumulate in vacuoles of the palisade parenchyma (catechin completely absent from the leaf epid e r m i~) .~ Also in the tea plant, flavone glycosides are reported to be more characteristic of older leaves rather than young leaves; these phenolics could not be found elsewhere in the plant.1° In the leaves of succulent plants, flavonol 3-glycosides have been found only in the epidermis.l' The leaf laminae of the tobacco plant has been found to contain more phenolics than the stem, leaf midrib, pith and root.12 Isochlorogenic acid, although a regular leaf constituent of Pyrus, could not be detected in the leaf of Malus; in this genus isochlorogenic acid could be detected only in the blossom petals. 13 In bamboo shoots p-coumaric acid is reported to increase drastically in content from the top towards the lower parts of bamboo shoots, whereas ferulic acid did not increase so markedly ; interestingly, cinnamic acid hydroxylase activity was also found to increase in a similar manner.14 It has been reported that in the tea plant high concentrations of catechins, flavonols and depsides are restricted to the young vegetative and floral shoots whereas leucoanthocyanidins are characteristic of the more bulky axial tissues of the plant.1° In the Sunflower plant, concentration gradients of caffeoylquinic acids have been found in the stems; this is considered to bear some possible relationship to 1ignifi~ation.l~ These findings, and also the findings reported in the present paper, would seem to indicate that at least some plant phenols are somehow involved in physiological function; the exact nature of this function remains unknown but some involvement in the storage of food reserves, growth regulation and the control of lignification remain as widely canvassed possibilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic compounds of the genus pyrus. VI. Distribution of phenols amongst the various tissues of the pyrus stem

Challice

1973

J Sci Food Agric

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Stems of Pyrus calleryana, P. ussuriensis and P . communis var. jaspoideae, from both current and previous year's growth, were sampled in January and March and the phenols in the bud, cork, green cortex, white phloem and xylem tissues were investigated. For the individual tissues there appeared to be very little difference between the phenols of current and previous year's growth. However, although some phenols, such as arbutin and vanilloylcalleryanin, occur throughout all tissues of both January and March stems at about the same concentrations, certain other phenols tend to accumulate in particular tissues at particular times. The flavonoid glycosides, for example, were found in the buds, cork and green cortex, generally at markedly lower levels than in the leaves, but were absent from the white phloem and xylem.A comparison between leaf and whole bark (i.e. cork + green cortex + white phloem) of all available Pyrus species has shown that the bark phenols are generally more restricted in range than the leaf phenols and that no new phenols, hitherto undetected in the leaf, are to be found in the bark. Caffeoylcalleryanin and catechins are more obvious as bark rather than leaf constituents; as a leaf constituent, caffeoylcalleryanin has a somewhat limited distribution within Pyriis but as a bark constituent it is almost ubiquitous.

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“…Continuous measurements of the lengths of shoots and leaves (Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7) were made using growth recorders adapted from hygrothermographs as in Williams and Biddiscombe (1965). Each recorder provided a graph of cumulative change in height (magnified two to four times) against time (7 days/chart) at two points, e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DAILY PATTERNS OF SHOOT ELONGATION IN PINUS RADIATA AND EUCALYPTUS REGNANS

Cremer

1976

New Phytologist

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Diurnal patterns of shoot elongation, obtained by mechanical growth recorders, were compared with those of leaf elongation and stem radius; the relationships of these to environmental factors were studied in the field and in growth chambers.In sunny weather, minimal elongation (or shrinkage) occurred during the mornings, and maximal elongation rates during late afternoons. On rainy days, elongation patterns tended to be undefined.The observed patterns appeared related to diurnal changes in water balance, air temperature and light. There was no evidence of an endogenous rhythm. Rising evaporative demand during sunny mornings resulted in contractions in shoot and leaf lengths and in the thickness of the stem live bark. Re-expansion occurred in the evening and at night, or during the day when evaporative demand was reduced by cloud cover and rain. Shoots also contracted on frosty nights, but expanded rapidly following thawing early in the mornings. Temperature also positively influenced growth (i.e. irreversible increase in size). Light appeared to inhibit shoot growth in the mornings, but this effect was confounded with the tendency of shoots to shrink in length due to dehydration.Since growth and reversible changes in shoot length often occurred simultaneously in diflerent portions of the same shoot and since the zones of reversible change and growth overlapped, the measurement and analysis of hourly growth responses can be complicated; a distinction must therefore be made between growth (which is irreversible) and elongation (which may include both growth and reversible changes in shoot length).

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Extension growth of grass tillers in the field

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Factors affecting the leaf extension rate of perennial ryegrass in spring

Factors affecting the leaf extension rate of perennial ryegrass in spring

Phenolic compounds of the genus pyrus. VI. Distribution of phenols amongst the various tissues of the pyrus stem

DAILY PATTERNS OF SHOOT ELONGATION IN PINUS RADIATA AND EUCALYPTUS REGNANS

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