Extension of ASTM E2283 standard practice for the assessment of large exogenous nonmetallic inclusions in super duty steels

Kazakov, A. A.; Zhitenev, Andrey; Salynova, Maria

doi:10.17580/cisisr.2019.02.01

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In Steel 3, deoxidized with titanium, aluminum and modified with rare earth metals, single inclusions and clusters of inclusions were mainly found (Figure 1c,f). Inclusions of such different sizes and morphologies could not be assessed using a single method, so the study was carried out separately based on the approach in [43]. To evaluate single inclusions, the analysis was carried out in field-to-field mode on 40 fields of view at a magnification of ×200, excluding fields with clusters from the analysis.…”

Section: Analysis Of Non-metallic Inclusions In Experimental Ingotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the Composition and Morphology of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Superduplex Stainless Steel

Zhitenev,

Karasev,

Fedorov

et al. 2023

Materials

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Duplex stainless steel is a unique material for cast products, the use of which is possible in various fields. With the same chemical composition, melting, casting and heat treatment technology, pitting and crevice corrosion were observed at the interphase boundaries of non-metallic inclusions and the steel matrix. To increase the cleanliness of steel, it is necessary to carefully select the technology for deoxidizing with titanium or aluminum, as the most common deoxidizers, and the technology for modifying with rare earth metals. In this work, a comprehensive analysis of the thermodynamic data in the literature on the behavior of oxides and sulfides in this highly alloyed system under consideration was performed. Based on this analysis, a thermodynamic model was developed to describe their behavior in liquid and solidified duplex stainless steels. The critical concentrations at which the existence of certain phases is possible during the deoxidation of DSS with titanium, aluminum and modification by rare earth metals, including the simultaneous contribution of lanthanum and cerium, was determined. Experimental ingots were produced, the cleanliness of experimental steels was assessed, and the key metric parameters of non-metallic inclusions were described. In steels deoxidized using titanium, clusters of inclusions with a diameter of 84 microns with a volume fraction of 0.066% were formed, the volume fraction of which was decreased to 0.01% with the subsequent addition of aluminum. The clusters completely disappeared when REMs were added. The reason for this behavior of inclusions was interpreted using thermodynamic modeling and explained by the difference in temperature at which specific types of NMIs begin to form. A comparison of experimental and calculated results showed that the proposed model adequately describes the process of formation of non-metallic inclusions in the steel under consideration and can be used for the development of industrial technology.

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Section: Analysis Of Non-metallic Inclusions In Experimental Ingotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the Composition and Morphology of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Superduplex Stainless Steel

Zhitenev,

Karasev,

Fedorov

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…The above outlier analysis is useful for detecting individual elements in the inclusions, which can serve as a sign of their exogenous origin, but neither this analysis, nor the analysis of other descriptive statistics solves the problem of complete identification of NMIs. Moreover, when regularly penetrating into the steel melt, exogenous inclusions can also turn out to be "systematic" and then they fall within the interquartile range [12].…”

Section: Thermodynamic Modeling Of Deoxidation Processes Of J55 Api 5l (22gyu) Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-metallic inclusions interpretation technique for factory expertise of metal product defects

Kazakov¹,

Murysev²,

Kiselev³

2021

cisisr

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“…В последние 20 лет для поиска закономерностей «структура-свой ства» проводятся системные исследования по оцифровке структуры сталей и сплавов различного назначения [1,2,. Кроме уже упомянутой полосчатости, реализованной в ASTM E1268-19 [7] и ГОСТ 5640-2020 [8], это касается количественной оценки других структурных составляющих сталей и сплавов: микроструктурной неоднородности в листовом прокате [9][10][11]; неметаллических включений в стали [12][13][14][15][16][17], включая не только автоматизацию ГОСТ 1778-70 [12], но новые методы оценки с использованием ASTM E1245 [13] и статистики экстремальных значений [14,15], автоматического анализа частиц для объективной оценки их химического состава [16,17]; центральной осевой неоднородности сляба и ликвационной полосы в листовом прокате [18,19]; доли грубых бейнитных блоков для описания свой ств современных трубных сталей [20,21]; структуры швов после многопроходной сварки [22,23]; металлургического качества суперсплавов [24]; структуры сплавов, обработанных в полутвердом состоянии [25]; структуры доэвтектических силуминов [26,27]; оценки неметаллических включений в алюминиевых сплавах методом PoDFA [28], структуры высокопрочного чугуна [29]; распределения зерен по размерам [30]. Остановимся кратко на некоторых из них.…”

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“…Предложена оригинальная методика интерпретации результатов измерений, полученных по стандарту ASTM E 2283, позволяющая расширить границы его применимости на экзогенные включения. Показано, что методику ASTM E2283 можно применять не только для прогнозирования максимально возможных эндогенных НВ, но и для выявления случайных одиночных экзогенных включений среди всех обнаруженных НВ, а также для прогнозирования размеров максимально возможных экзогенных включений, если последние имеют системный источник попадания в расплав и описываются соответствующим распределением Гумбеля [14,15].…”

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Quantitative methods for assessing the microstructure of steel and alloys for revising outdated GOST standards

Kazakov¹,

Kiselev²,

Kazakova³

2021

Litʹë metall.

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The current state of GOST, which regulates the quality of the structure of steels and alloys, has significantly lagged behind the progress in the compositions and technologies for obtaining modern steels and alloys. Using the example of microstructural banding of steel, it is shown how to overcome this gap and bring the methodology developed in Russia to the level of interstate GOST.Other problems of quantitative evaluation of structural components of steels and alloys that can become the basis of industry, national and interstate standards are considered: microstructural heterogeneity of sheet metal; non-metallic inclusions in steel, including automation of GOST 1778-70, evaluation methods using the ASTM E1245 methodology and statistics of extreme values, as well as automatic particle analysis; central axial inhomogeneity of a slab; liquation strip in sheet metal; the proportion of coarse bainite blocks used to describe the properties of modern pipe steels; the structure of joints after multi-pass welding; the metallurgical quality of heat-resistant nickel alloys; the structure of alloys treated in a semi-solid state; the structure of pre-eutectic silumins; non-metallic inclusions in aluminum alloys (PoDFA method); the structure of high-strength cast iron; grain size distribution.

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Extension of ASTM E2283 standard practice for the assessment of large exogenous nonmetallic inclusions in super duty steels

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Control of the Composition and Morphology of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Superduplex Stainless Steel

Control of the Composition and Morphology of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Superduplex Stainless Steel

Non-metallic inclusions interpretation technique for factory expertise of metal product defects

Quantitative methods for assessing the microstructure of steel and alloys for revising outdated GOST standards

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